Anthro4
Terms
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- What is linguistic anthropology?
- the study of language in social and cultural contexts.
- What is historical linguistics?
- The reconstruction of ancient languages by comparing to contemporary descendents.
- Three faces of language
-
context
meaning
expression - Phonology
- the study of speech sounds (structure)
- Morphology
- study of forms in which sounds combine to form morphemes- words and parts
- Lexicon
- dictionary containing morphemes and meanings
- syntax
- arrangement and order of words
- "Universal Grammar"
-
Noam Chomskey
brain has limited set of rules for organizing languages so all languages have same structure.
all humans have some linguistic ability - Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
- different languages hace different ways of thiingking
- Pidgin
-
a language that is created so that 2 unintelligible speechs can communicate (arose in trade centers)
NO NATIVE SPEAKERS - Creole
- when a pidgin becomes a mother tounge
- Features of language
-
Arbitrainess
Displacement
Productivity
Learnability and transmission - Arbitrainess
- features of language have no direct relation to meaning but are agreed-on symbols
- Displacement
- the ability to talk about things not present
- Productivity
- ability to produce new expressions
- Learnability and transmission
- transmitted through learning from generation to generation
- Characteristics of animal call systems
-
Limited number of sounds
Sounds are produced as response to stimuli - Kinesics
- the study of communication through movements, stances, and gestures
- Proxemics
- the study of the effect and degree of spatial separation of individuals and how it varies across cultures
- language vs. communication systems
-
Displacement stimuli-dependent
Productivity limited # of calls
Cultural Transmission no combo of calls
species specific - Sociolinguistics
- investigates how language differs across class, gender, culture
- Women in Conversation
-
ask questions
less forceful
you and we
eye contact
relax around women
uptight around men - Men in conversation
-
interupt and challenge
delayed response
control topic and conversation
forceful
no eye contact
relaxed stance - What does forensic anthropology mean?
- anthropologists help law enforcement agencies identify human remains.
- Deomographics
- sex, age, population, stature, cause of death
- Osteology
- study of bones
- Osteometry
- measuring of bones
- Histology
- study of tissue at cellular level
- Pathology
- study of diseases
- Comparitive anatomy
- knowing the differece between human and non-human bones
- knowledge and skills of forensic anthropologists
-
archaeology
osteology
osteometry
record keeping and photographing
histology
pathology
comparative anatoy - Subpubic angle
-
Men: less than 90 degrees
Women: more than 90 degrees - Pubic Shape
-
Men: triangle
Women: rectangle - Sacrum
-
Men: small and curved
Women: large and straight - Greater Sciatic Notch (thumb)
-
Men: deep and narrow
Women: shallow and wide - mastoid process
-
Men: large and blunt
Women: small and sharp - Frontal Bone
-
men: sloped
woment: elevated - Supraorbital rim
-
men: rounded
women: sharp - external occipital pruteburance
-
Men: well developed
Women: abscent - Dental Eruption
- reliable until 15 years old
- epiphyseal fusion
- bone growth
- Pubic Symphyseal Face
- billowing among youth
- Climate
- winter from Sept.-May
- Summer at Norway House
- gathered at fort
- Winter at Norway House
- dispersed
- SEIR Model
-
Susceptible (agents at risk of infection)
Exposed (agents are infected, not infectious)
Infected (agents who aer infected and infectious)
Recovered (agents who have recovered) - Three Basic Components of Agent-based Model
-
Agents - people
Environment - landscape
Rules of Behavior - for agents and environment - Parameters
-
population
contact between people
movement
disease - Discriptive Linguistics
- study of the structure of language and specific variations among languages
- Congnates
- words that are similar in two or more languages as a result of common descent
- Jargon
- vocab of a special group
- slang
- vocab of a fad