Thermal Energy and It's Transfer
Terms
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- What is temperature?
- The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
- Thermal Energy
- the total energy of the particles in a material (including potential and kinetic)
- Heat
- the thermal (or internal) energy that flows from something with a higher temperature to something with a lower temp
- Conduction
-
the transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles
-occurs in solids, liquids, and gases, but easiest in solids - Convection
- transfer of energy by the bulk movement of matter (only occurs in fluids: gases & liquids)
- Fluid
- any material that flows
- Radiation
-
the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves (energy travels this way often called radiant energy)
-doesn't require matter so works in vacuum of space
-occurs in solids, liquids, or gases
-can be reflected, absorbed, and transmitted - Insulators
- do not allow heat to move easily through them (e.g. wood, plastic, glass, fiberglass)
- R-value
- indicates an objects resistance to heat flow (higher ones are better insulators)
- Kinetic Theory
- all matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion and that rate of motion depends on the temperature
- Thermal Energy vs. Temp
- thermal energy varies with the mass of the object but temp doesn't
- Thermal Energy vs. heat
- an object contains thermal energy but doesn't contain heat
- good conductors
- metals
- poor conductors
- gases, air