Hinduism/Buddhism
Terms
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- Holy Books
- Rig Vedas and Upanishads
- Two aspects of hinduism...
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1. Nirguna
2. Saguna - What to know about Nirguna:
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1. god w/o attributes
2. believe it's not an object and therefore cannot find it - Brahma = ?
- creator
- Vishnu = ?
-
preserver
10 avatars (divine incarnation) - Ganesha
-
remover of obstacles
lord of hosts
symbolizes fortune and wisdom - Hanuman
- half-monkey
- Dharma
- Righteousness: they mean a spiritual connection to do what is right because its right NOT because you have to
- Brahmin
-
priests
in Upanishads this is our moral obligation - What do the Upanishads teach us?
- "to know yourself is to know your dharma"
- Central message of the Upanishads = ? = ?
- = Atman = brahman
- What is the central message?
-
know your true calling
calling
follow the vishnu gods that you want - 4 Goals of Hinuism
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Kama
Artha
Dharma
Moksha - Kama
- pleasure
- Artha
- Gains
- How do you reach Moksha?
- yoga
- Yoga allows you to reach
- samsura (nirvana)
- samsura
-
realm of life and death is where we live
where we are constantly incarnate & reincarnate depending on your karma - what are the two goals that have to do with fullfilling oneself
- Kama and Artha
- 4 stages of Hinduism life
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1. student
2. houeholder
3. Hermit
4. Renunciant - varnas
- castes
- 4 varnas
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1. brahmins (head)
2. kshatriyas (arms)
3. vaishyas (ghandi) ((thighs))
4. Shundras (feet) - Laws of Mann (c. 100 c.e.)
- codes of law that tell all about the 4 varnas, stages, and goals
- The Upanishads teach to
- "know yourself"
- monism versus dualism
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monism
-everything is already one in the universe
-reflection of ultimate reality
dualism
-sees God completely separate from creation/reality - 3 types of yoga
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karma yoga
Jnana yoga
Bhakit yoga - Student Stage
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ahsrams
people are learning the teachings and practices - Householder Stage
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men does guy things and wife maintains the house and kids
women moves to husband's family - Hermit Stage
- one who withdraws from society in search of Moksha; usually only men
- Renunciant
- has experienced the divine/enlightenment
- sadhus
- holy men in the renunciant stage
- Brahmin caste
- sacrifices, know the Upanishads, temple scholars
- kshatriya caste
- rulers/warriors that keep order
- vaishya caste
- merchants/craftsmen
- shudra caste
- peasants - manual labor
- harijans caste
-
lowest of the low
"untouchables"
if you touch one you have to go through rituals - Karma yoga
- path of selfless service or action
- Jnana yoga
- spiritual/wisdom insight
- Bhakti yoga
- devotion or love
- The Bhagavad Gita
- "The Song of the Lord"
- Arjuna
- warrior - atman = jiva = the outer self
- Pantajali
- written works of how to do yoga
- hatha yoga
- concerned with physical movement and controlling the body
- asanas
- postures of positions of yoga
- The three forms of yoga need to be
- brought together
- the Bhagavad Gita teaches that we must learn to
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detatch ourselves from our actions
REASON: people were leaving families behind - Advaita Vedanta
- Philosophy emphasizing non-dualism, teaches that all is really Brahman; what appears as other than Brahman is "maya"
- Shankara
- philosopher mystic who embraced non-dualism/monism
- Advidya
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ignorance(non-vedic)
not able to see reality as it is...we need to remove this to recognize the divine - Maya
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illusion
we need overlook illusions/obstacles so encounter reality ho it is - Avidya and Maya
- remove one to remove the other
- Yantra
-
cosmic representation of the universe
visually divine throughout - mantras
-
simple phrase you repeat
"Om Mani Padme um" (jewel in the lotus) - Seven Chakras
- energy centers that the Kundalini energy moves through Chakras
- Bhakti
- devotion/love for deities
- Bhakti opens the door...
- ...to deity or the divine, epecially for women; women have special positions with dancing or reciting poetry
- Lakshmi
- wife of vishnu
- Shiva/Shakti
- Parvati/Kali
- Kali
- dark one who represents the unknown/hidden dimension
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Social Class System
Eastern - get rid of impurities and purify body, mind and soul
- swaraj
- independence
- Satyagraha
-
holding the truth "truth in God & God is truth"
--not enough to study own faith but also get acquainted with other texts
(Gandhi said we had the moral obligation to do this) - Bramhachyara
- practice of asceticism
- What did Gandhi integrate his life and thoughts with?
- Karma Yoga
- Bahkti (women)
- women could be poets
- Women could be...
- ...gurus in Tantric tradition
- Founder of Jainism
- Vardhamana
- Vardhamana
- "the Mahauvira" - the great hero
- Jivas
- souls
- Jinas
- conquering
- according to Jainic tradition...
- ...the particles of life are spread everywhere and therefore animistic
- Jainic goal
- get rid of impurities and simplify as much as possible
- ascetism
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fasting, abstinence, poverty
--try to minimize possessions because its time consuming - ahimsa
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"non-violence"
we dont have to kill in order to survive
treat others how you want to be treated
vegetarian - Two Jainic Monastic Orders
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Digambaras
Swetamburas - Digambaras
- naked because thats how we are born and should end
- Swetamburas
- thin white (purity) garment
- Shikism
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born out of Hinu and Muslim
don't embrace ascetism because by God's "will" you will be saved
emphasize simple and comlex prayers - 10 gurus of Shikism
- last died around 1708 (Gobind Rai)
- Gurunanak (1470-1540)
- lord of the true name
- true name
- "sat nam"
- Shikism is
- monotheistic
- Kirpan
- double bladed knife - symbolizes courage and male/female
- Adi Granth
-
holy scripture of Shikism
says to leave hair long because God wants it like this - Amritsak
- holies Shikism temple in all of India (golden temple)
- Amrit
- nectar of life (drink)
- Khalsa
- military order
- The transcendental movement was started in US by
- Maharishi Yogi
- Advaitavendata
- school of thought relating to non-duality
- who brought Advaitavendata to the US?
- Vivekananda and Ramakrishna
- Hare Krishna
- Bahkti movement from India that helps people reach a state of conscienceness of Krishna
- Sai Baba 1960s
- brought Hinduism to the US (myrtle beach)
- Other names for Buddah
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siddhatra Guatama
shakyamuni - differences between buddhism and christianity
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buddhism believes in many rebirths
What's the point of following christ if we can't be like him - Gnosis
- knowledge
- Sangha
- group that takes buddhism and lives by it
- Four people that Buddah saw on his trip out
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old man represents aging
sick man represents suffereing
corpse represents death
monk represents enlightenment - finally after some years of ascetisim he finds..
- ...what he is doing ISNT all buddha nature
- Buddha goes under a tree where...
- ...Mara tempts him. He resists and finally empties himself and comes in tough with his true Buddha nature and soon gets ppl to follow him
- 3 Jewels (pillars) of Buddhism
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Seek refuge in:
1 Buddha
2 Dharma - teachings of the Buddha
3 Samgha - buddhist community (monks and nuns too) - 4 Noble Truths
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1 all life is suffering
--unsatisfying, life brings pain and suffering
2 suffering is caused by desire
--greed, unhealthy
3 there can be an end to desire
--through enlightenment
4 the way out is in the 8 fold plan - Buddhists say that we have the moral duty to save all life to avoid...
- ...suffering
- summary of 8 fold path
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morality (Sila) (right speech, action, mindfulness)
concentration (samadhi)(right effort, mindfulness, meditation - 2 types: samudhi, vipassana)
wisdom (prajna) - right understaning thoughts - 4 unlimited virtues
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1 friendliness - smiling is huge (transformation). important because you are mindful everyday of meeting new ppl in life. this includes flowers, bugs, etc
2 compassion - AKA karuna. key to spirituality. kill something you kill part of yourself
3 joyful - even in stress be cheerful and share with others
4 equinimaty/mindfulness - being able to react well in circumstances with more compassion and be serene - 2 Major Buddhist Branches
- Theravada and Mahayana
- theravada
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theravadin
"small vehicle" - small group of people who understand buddhist elite
Thailand, Sri Lanka
historical buddha
enlightenment:Arhant (ind enlightenment)
Tripitaka (written in pali)
meditation: sanadhi (gradual) and upassana (direct)
samsara (realm of reality) is NOT equal to nirvana
For those who are not yet enlightened - Mahayana
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Mahyanist
Tibet, Japan, Vietnam
comsic buddhas - many buddhas and more to come
enlightenment: Bodhisattva (collective enlightenment) helps all to be aware of the buddha nature
Tripitaka and Sutras (written in sanskrit)
meditation: chanting (anyone can do this)
samsora = nirvana
for the enlightened - Current Dali Lama
- Tenzin Gyasto
- Dharamsala
- Indian city where Dali Lama lives today
- Dali Lama Titles
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The XIV Dali Lama
Kundun = divine presence
Rimpoche = eminence - vajrayana (or tantric)
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"The Thunderbolt verse"
-->diamond (buddha stone becomes diamond) - Yogacara
- emphasize "the mind" or "the void" because to be empty of everything is to be full of good
- Zen
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Buddhism in Japan
started in India as Dhyana
Dhyana - meditation - Chan
- also buddhism in India
- Zen Buddhism addresses enlightenment
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they beleive anyone is potentially a Buddha
They beleive that breathing is very important
It's direct and you can be enlightened - The Bardothodol
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AKA Tibetan book of the dead
prepares person who is dying to move through realms and die
how to identify "the void" - Koans
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helps you break through the logic of your mind and see reality how it is
they are asked these questions in order to try and be a buddha - Pure Land Buddhism
-
you can be saved by another power that can hit you like thunder
they chant things like the name of "Amitabha/Amida" - Amitabha
- Buddha of compassion
- Negative Roles of Women in Buddhism
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denied that women can reach nirvana
In tantric women have been exploited
in theory they are equal in tantric but not really - Buddhism to America
-
Chinese laborers in CA
established in San Diego
1st pure land temple in Hawaii
Zen is the most popular in US
Suzuki was major representative of Buddhism in US - Bodhidharma
- Zen spiritual master who brought it from China-->Japan