Science Jury 8 grade
This is for the 2007 8th grade science jury at ASFA.
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- Exothermic Reaction
- A chemical reaction in which energy/heat is released
- Carbohydrates have what elements?
- Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
- Codominance will result in what?
- Several different alleles being expressed individually.
- What gives animal cells their shape?
- Microfilaments and microtubuoles.
- What enzyme assembles DNA by adding nitrogenous bases and proofreads the DNA?
- DNA Polymerase
- Define oobonium
- A cell that will become an egg cell
- If a solution is hypotonic that means that _____________________.
- There is a greater concentration of material inside the cell than outside.
- What is the term for a cell holding too much water and bursting?
- Cytolosis
- Name the monomer for carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides are carbohydrates using what chemical equation?
- C12 H22 O11
- List the elements found in nucleic acids
- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate
- Define Autosomal Recessive
- A term designating an allele found on autosomal chromasomes that is recessive
- What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle?
- Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
- What binds nitrogenous bases together?
- Hydrogen bonds
- What two organelles, besides the nucleus, contain DNA?
- The mitochondria and the chloroplasts
- What does an endocytotic process do?
- It brings materials into a cell
- What kinds of things CANNOT diffuse into cells?
- Large molecules and ions
- What did Hershey and Chase discover?
- Whether DNA or Protein is the reason that viruses are infectious.
- Incomplete dominance will result in what?
- A blending of traits.
- Name the monomer for proteins
- Ammino Acids
- What is the chemical formula for glycolosis?
- C6 H12 O6 + ATP + 2NAP+ = 2 pyruvic acid + 4ATP + 2NADH
- If a solution is isotonic that means that _____________________.
- The concentration gradient is equal.
- What are centrioles?
- Small organelles that arrange the spindle fibers
- What is the term for a cell shriveling due to a lack of water?
- Crenation
- List the four main purposes for lipids
- Protection, Waterproofing, Water retaining, Energy
- What is the protein that DNA coils around?
- Histone
- What is the term for a cell drooping due to a lack of water?
- Plasmolosis
- Since lipids are insoluble, they make up what?
- Steroids
- If a molecule is insoluble it means that it cannot be ___________.
- Polar
- What did Watson and Crick interpret?
- Franklin's DNA X-Ray
- Rough ER synthesises what?
- Amino acids into protein
- What process produces sex cells?
- Meiosis
- The __________ combines with glycerol and fatty acids to form lipids
- Carboxyl Group
- Define eukaryote
- A cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- What bodily chemicals are steroids?
- Hormones
- What does photosystem 1 do?
- It accepts and re-energizes electrons, and forms NADPH and ATP
- When monomers bind, they usually go through what process?
- Dehydration Synthesis
- List the four main monosaccharides
- Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Mamose
- Why do cells transform?
- Because they come in contact with foreign DNA
- Name the monomer for nucleic acids
- Nucleotides
- Chitin is a carbohydrate found in animals that is used for _________.
- Structure
- Who invented the microscope?
- Robert Hooke
- What does photosystem 2 do?
- It breaks down water, catches light, and energizes electrons.
- A ________ is a combination of two objects that settles out.
- Suspension.
- Organic compounds contain which two elements?
- Carbon and Hydrogen.
- What did Chargoff discover?
- The relationship between adenine and thymine and guanine and cytosine
- Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in plants that is used for __________.
- Structure
- What is the difference between a plant cell's vacuole(s) and an animal cell's vacuole(s)
- A plant cell has one large vacuole, an animal cells has many small vacuoles
- Recite the old cell theory.
- All animals are made of cells, all plants are made of cells, all cells come from cells
- What is the centromere in chromasomes?
- The area where two chromatids are held together to form a chromasome.
- What type of ions do metals release?
- Positive.
- Define X-linked
- A term designating an allele found on the X chromosome
- What is the attraction between the same molecules called?
- Cohesion.
- List the three main disaccharides
- Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose
- How many calories does a gram of sugar have?
- 3811
- Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
- Anaerobic
- Define autosomes
- Chromosomes that are not the X or Y chromosomes.
- What do carbohydrate chains on a cell membrane do?
- It identifies the cell to other cells, kind of like a flag
- What did Griffith discover?
- He discovered transformation
- What are the reasons for cell division?
- Repair, Replacement,Growth & development, Reproduction, Regeneration
- Define Autosomal Dominant
- A term designating an allele found on autosomal chromasomes that is dominant
- What is the equation for hexane?
- C6 H14
- Define cyclin
- An internal regulator that regulates cell division
- What does the Calvin cycle do?
- It forms NADP+
- List the four main polysaccharides
- Cellulose, Chitin, Glycogen, Starch
- Monosaccharides are carbohydrate monomers with what chemical equation?
- C6 H12 O6
- What does transcription produce?
- RNA
- List the four monomers for nucleic acids
- Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
- What makes an atom an isotope?
- A change in the number of neutrons in the atom.
- What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organism's cells?
- Unicellular must be self-sustaining, multicellular cells may specialize
- Lipids are fats, oils, and waxes that use which elements?
- Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
- List the elements found in proteins
- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur
- What does an exocytotic process do?
- It takes materials out of a cell
- Any hydrocarbon ending with "yne" uses what formula to find the number of hydrogen atoms?
- Carbon atoms times two, minus two
- Smooth ER does what?
- It synthesises lipids and detoxifies substances
- In an ionic bond, do electrons go one or two ways?
- One.
- If a plant self-pollinates it is ________________.
- True breeding
- Bases (or Alkalis) form what ions in water?
- Hydroxide.
- True or false, lipids are insoluble.
- True
- Van der Waals forces use which type of bonding?
- Covalent.
- What did Avery discover?
- The reason for transformation
- Define anatomy
- The structure of something
- If a solution is hypertonic that means that _____________________.
- There is a greater concentration of material outside the cell than inside.
- What sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?
- Deoxyribose
- What is the attraction between different molecules called?
- Adhesion.
- Define prokaryote
- A cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- A monohybrid cross will always result in what genotypic ratio?
- 1:2:1
- What enzyme unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds?
- DNA Helicase
- Acids form what ions in water?
- Hydrogen.
- Name the monomer(s) for lipids
- Glycerol, Fatty Acids
- What kind of transport is diffusion?
- Passive transport
- What is the most important kind of protein?
- Enzymes
- What is the name of the bond formed between ammino acids?
- Peptide Bonds
- Starch is a carbohydrate found in plants that is used for _______.
- Energy
- What is the name for the DNA of bacteria?
- Plasmid
- Endothermic Reaction
- A chemical reaction in which energy/heat is absorbed
- What are the 3 kinds of RNA?
- Transfer (tRNA) Ribosomal (rRNA) Messenger (mRNA)
- What was Redi's experiment?
- He coverd meat with gauze to see if maggots got on it.
- Glycogen is a carbohydrate found in __________ that is used for energy.
- Animals
- Carbon is special because it can form single, double, or triple links with what?
- Carbon.
- The prefix "ose" refers to what?
- Carbohydrates
- What is a cell membrane made of?
- A phospholipid bilayer
- Any hydrocarbon ending with "ene" uses what formula to find the number of hydrogen atoms?
- Carbon atoms times two
- Dehydration Synthisis
- When two monomers combine, a water molecule is lost.
- Recite the new cell theory.
- All cells come from cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, all organisms are made from cells
- Where is the DNA in prokaryotic cells?
- In the nuclear area
- What does the stromata release?
- Water and gas
- A ________ is a material of two or more elements that are combined phisically.
- Mixture.
- Define physiology
- The function of something
- Any hydrocarbon ending with the prefix "ane" uses what formula to find the number of hydrogen atoms?
- Carbon atoms times two, plus two
- A dihybrid cross will always result in what genotypic ratio?
- 9:3:3:1
- Define spermatagonium
- A cell that will become a sperm cell
- What kind of things can diffuse into a cell?
- Water, gasses, alchohol, small molecules such as drugs, etc.
- A _________ is a combination of two elements that are perfectly spread out.
- Solution.
- What are astors?
- Small pieces of spindle fibers
- ATP is made of what?
- A nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and 3 phospate groups
- What sugar is found in RNA nucleotides?
- Ribose
- What did Franklin find?
- The structure of DNA
- List the five different kinds of chemical reactions
- Synthesis, Decomposition, Single displacement, Double displacement, Combustion