Chem Unit Five Continued
Terms
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- polyprotic acid
- an acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule
- diprotic acid
- an acid that can donate two protons per molecule
- weak acid
- acids that are weak electrolytes
- triprotic acid
- an acid able to donate three protons per molecule
- organic acid
- an organic compound that contains an acid group, the carboxyl group (COOH)
- mineral acids
- because they are made from minerals, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
- binary acid
- an acid composed of hydrogen bonded to one or the more elctronegative elements
- oxyacid
- an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen and a third element
- hydroxyl group
- the covalently bonded --OH group
- hydroxyl ion
- formed in the ionic compounds known as hydroxides
- traditional definition of a base
- a substance that contains hydroxide ions and dissociatest o give hydrocixe ions in aqueous solution
- alkaline
- a soltuion that contains OH from a soluble base
- neurtalization
- the reaction of hydrodium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules
- salt
- an ionic compound composed of a metal cation of an aqueous base and the anion from an aqueous acid
- Bronsted Base
- a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor
- Bronstead acid-base reaction
- protons are transferred from one reactant( the acid) to antoher (the base)
- Lewis base
- an atom, ion or molecule that is a election pair doner
- Lewis acid-base reaction
- the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair doner and an electron pair acceptor
- conjugate base
- the species that remains after a Bronsted acid has given up a proton
- conjugate acid
- the species formed when a Bronsted base gains a proton
- amphoteric
- any species that can react as either an acid or a base
- basic anhydride
- an oxide that reactison wtih water to form an alkaline solution
- acid anhydride
- an oxide that reacts wiht water to form an acid
- equivalents
- quantities of solutes that have equavalent combining capacity
- equivalent mass of an acid
- the mass of the acid in grams that will provide one mole of protons in a reaction
- equivalent mass of a base
- the mass of the base in grams that will react with one mole of protons or will provide one mole of hydroxide (OH-) ions in a reaction
- normality
- the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution
- self-ionization
- the process that ionizes water
- pH
- defined as the negative of the common logerithm of the hydronium ion concentration
- Indicators
- weak acid or base dyes whose colors are sensitive to pH or hydrodium concentration
- transition interval
- the pH range over which an indicator changes color
- Titration
- the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentraion that is required to react completely with a measured amountof a solution of unknown concentration
- standard solution
- a solution that contains a precisely known concentration of solute
- equivalence point
- in a neutralization reaction, the point at which there are equivalent quanities of hydronium and hydroxide ions
- end point
- the point in titration where an indicator changes color
- primary standard
- a highly purified compound, when used in soltuion to check the concentration of the known solution in a titration