Modern Chemi- Unit Five
Terms
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- soluble
- capable of being dissolved
- solution
- homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase
- solvent
- the dissolving medium
- solute
- the substance dissolved in a solution
- electrolyte
- a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
- Nonelectrolyte
- a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current
- alloy
- mixtures or solutions in which the atoms of two or more elements, usually metals, are uniformly mixed
- suspension
- heterogeneous mixture of a solvent like substance with particles that slowly settle out
- colloids
- particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions form mixtures know as collodial dispersions or,
- solution equilibrium
- physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolving and crystallizing of a solute occur at equal rates
- saturated solution
- a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute... (CG sucks)
- unsaturated solution
- a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution
- supersaturated solution
- a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution
- solubility
- the amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature
- immiscible
- substances that are not soluble in each other
- miscible
- two substances that are mutually soluable in all proportions
- Henry's Law
- the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressur eof that gas on the surface of the liquid
- effervescence
- the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved
- heat of solution
- the amount of heat energy absorbed or released when a solute dissolves in a specific amount of solvent
- solvated
- a solute molecule or ion surrounded by solvent molecules
- concentration
- a measurement of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution
- molarity
- the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution
- percent by mass
- the number of grams of solute dissovled in 100 g of solution
- molality
- the concentration of solution expressed in moles of solute per kilograms of solvent
- nonvolatile
- a substance that has little tendency to become a gas under existing conditions
- colligative property
- a property that depends on the number of solute particles but is independant of their nature
- molal freezing point constant (Kt)
- the freezing point depression of the solvent in a 1 molal solution of a nonvolitle, molecular solute
- freezing point depression
- the difference between the freezing poitns of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte soltuion in that solvent and is directly proportional to the molal conentration of hte solution
- molal boiling point constant(Kb)
- the boiling point elevation of the solvent in a 1 molal solutionof a nonvolatile molecular solution
- boiling point elevation
- the difference between the boiling points of the pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte solution in tha tsolvent and is directly proportional to the molal concentraion of the solution
- aqueous solution
- a solution in which water is the solvent
- hydration
- process with water as the solvent
- heat of hydration
- the energy released when ions become surrounded by water molecule
- dissociation
- the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves
- spectator ions
- ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction
- net ionic equation
- includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution and does not include spectator ions
- ionization
- the formation of ions from solute molecules by the action of the solvent
- Hydronium
- H30+ ion
- strong electrolyte
- any substance that is present in dilute aqueous solution as entirely hydrated
- weak electrolyte
- a solute that yields a relatively low concentration of ions in aqueous solution
- traditional acid
- a chemical compound that contains hydrogen and ionized in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions
- Bronsted acid
- a molecule or ion that is a proton doner
- Lewis Acid
- an atom, ion, or molecule that is an electron-pair acceptor
- strong acid
- an acid that is a strong electrolyte and ionizes 100% in aqueous solutions
- monoprotic acid
- an acid that can donate one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule