Answers from Qbank GI 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Best tx for staph food poisoning?
- Bed rest
- Bacterial infection from raw oyster?
- Cholera
- What is the antibx of choice for severe cholera?
- Tetracycline
- Tightly knotted ball of nematodes (15 to 35 cm in length), worms have tapered ends without hooks...species?
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Which Vibrio cholera serogroup is the most common cause of cholera epidemics?
- 01
- Celiac disease is associated with which HLAs? Predisposes to which neoplasms?
- HLA-B8 and DQW2, predisposes to T-cell lymphoma, and GI and breast cancer
- The retropharyngeal space is located between which two layers of fascia?
- Buccopharyngeal layer of deep cervical fascia and the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
- Metoclopramide is used to treat...? can antagonize which receptors?
- Prokinetic agent used to treat GERD. Can antagonize dopamine receptors.
- Both pancreatic buds form from evaginations from which part of the duodenum?
- Second part
- Which antibiotic can cause a disulfiram-like reaction when taken with alcohol?
- Metronidazole
- Which vessel gives off the short gastric arteries?
- Splenic artery
- Internal hemorrhoids are produced by varicosities of which vein?
- Superior rectal vein
- Misoprostol is what type of drug? Prophylaxis to prevent...?
- Prostaglandin analog to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
- Which muscle elevates the lower jaw during chewing? Moves the lower jaw forward? Backward?
- Medial pterygoid. Lateral pterygoid. Temporalis
- Which salivary gland has the greatest % of mucus secreting cells? Serous?
- Sublingual. Parotid.
- Which H2-receptor antagonist is a potent hepatic enzyme inhibitor?
- Cimetidine
- What type of mucosa is normal for the distal esophagus?
- Non-keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium
- What ligament separates the greater peritoneal sac from the right portion of the lesser peritoneal sac?
- Gastrohepatic ligament
- What type of heterotopia can occur in the small intestine without causing bleeding?
- Pancreatic heterotopia
- The left renal vein drains into...?
- IVC
- The splenorenal ligament contains which vessels?
- The splenic artery and vein
- Mesalamine is indicated for the treatment of...?
- Ulcerative colitis.
- Pseudomembranous colitis produces what kind of diarrhea?
- Greenish, foul-smelling watery diarrhea.
- The right gastroepiploic artery is a branch of...?
- Gastroduodenal artery
- Which anesthetic can cause idiosyncratic hepatic failure?
- Halothane
- Elevated AST and ALT reveal what process in which tissue?
- Hepatocellular death
- CCK is secreted in response to...?
- The presence of amino acids and fatty acids in the duodenum
- Ondansetron selectively antagonizes which receptors?
- 5HT3 receptors
- Lipoprotein lipase is located where?
- External surface of endothelium of tissues with triglyceride needs such as muscle and lactating breast.
- What type of stones can be seen in liver fluke infestation?
- Bilirubin stones
- The free edge of the lesser omentum contains which three important structures?
- Common bile duct, hepatic artery, and the portal vein
- What agents are absolutely contraindicated in patients with bowel obstruction?
- Prokinetics, such as metoclopramide
- Gastroschisis? Caused by?
- Abdominal viscera protrude from the abdominal cavity at birth. Caused by incomplete fusion of the lateral body folds
- Motilin is released by...?
- Small intestine
- How does secretin affect the rate of stomach emptying?
- Decreases the rate of stomach emptying
- Inferior rectal nerve is a branch of...?
- Pudendal nerve of the sacral plexus
- Sepsis, hypotensions, and neutrophilia in an infant who has been started on oral foods....?
- Necrotizing enterocolitis.
- Which narcotic is least likely to cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi? Why?
- Meperidine, due to its anti-muscarinic properties.
- Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery gets it's blood supply from? Inferior?
- Celiac trunk by means of the common hepatic artery. SMA.
- Which tx for GERD could cause torsades de pointes when given with erythromycin?
- Cisapride.
- Disulfiram?
- a drug used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol.
- This parasite can cause mild diarrhea, or more aggressive dysentery, peritonitis, or liver abscess formation...
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Microabscesses in mesenteric lymph nodes is associated with which bug?
- Yersinia enteritis
- Enlarged and ulcerated Peyer's patches are associated with which infection?
- Salmonella typhii
- Cholera enterotoxin activates which enzyme?
- Adenylate cyclase
- Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by which parasite?
- Diphyllobothrium latum
- Kid vomits up a cylindrical white worm 30 cm long...How was this organism acquired?
- Ingestion of eggs from human feces (Ascaris lumbricoides)
- Which hepatitis virus is a major cause of epidemics but does not cause significant mortality in pregnant women?
- Hepatitis A
- A patient with dumping syndrome should eat small, frequent meals that are high in...?
- Fat
- What deficiency could cause a decrease in serum calcium and phosphate?
- Vitamin D
- Mini epidemic of pediatric diarrhea..?
- Yersinia
- Traveler's diarrhea - empiric tx?
- Ciprofloxacin
- Undercooked chicken - bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever...?
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Liver abscesses - what parasite..?
- Entamoeba histolytica
- OOcysts 5-7 microns in diameter...organism? Where does it's sexual phase occur?
- Crytosporidiosis - invades the brush border of the intestinal epithelium
- An obstruction in the common bile duct would affect the urine how?
- Increased urine bilirubin - tea-colored urine
- Oval eggs flattened along one side? Causes anal pruritis?
- Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
- Hep B infection causes what in the majority of cases?
- Subclinical disease followed by recovery
- Darkly colored faceted stones with irregular shapes are associated with which infestation?
- Opisthorchis sinensis (oriental liver fluke)
- Rotavirus symptoms in kids?
- Watery non-bloody diarrhea, often coupled with nausea and vomiting
- Norwalk agent usually affects kids older than..?
- 2
- A stomach lesion on the lesser curvature with piled up ulcer edges suggests...?
- Gastric carcinoma
- What are predisposing factors for gastric carcinoma?
- Pernicious anemia, chronic gastritis, achlorhydria, bacterial overgrowth, and neoplastic polyps
- Achlorhydria?
- Absence of HCl in the stomach
- Type A gastritis - increased or decreased likelihood of developing gastric carcinoma?
- Increased
- Symptoms of fever, chills, hypotension, and fluid-filled blisters progressing to muscle necrosis...?
- Vibrio vulnificus
- Nonmotile bug, cuases dysentery?
- Shigella
- Plague bug?
- Yersinia pestis
- Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis usually presents when?
- Several weeks of age
- The parasympathetic preganglionic innervation to the internal anal sphincter is provided by which nerve?
- Pelvic nerve
- Courvoisier sign?
- Painless distention of the gallbladder
- Which bug produces exotoxin A?
- Staph aureus
- Which apolipoprotein molecule activates lipoprotein lipase?
- CII
- Supparative cholangitis can occur as a complication of infestation by...?
- Roundworm (ascaris lumbricoides) and the liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica
- Which damaging agents could cause development of hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of cirrhosis?
- HBV, alcohol, hemochromatosis
- Loss of villi and intraepithelial lymphocytic infiltration?
- Celiac sprue
- Granular, spherical, thin-walled cysts measuring 10-20 um in diameter...trichrome stains show up to four nuclei in most of the cysts...?
- Entamoeba histolytica
- scleral icterus typically reflects which fraction of biliribuin that binds tissues more avidly..?
- Uncojugated bilirubin
- Which nodes drain the greater curvature of the stomach? The bladder and male internal genitalia? The distal stomach, pancreas and duodenum?
- Gastroepiploic nodes. Internal iliac nodes. Subpyloric nodes.
- What are the most important predictors of a carcinoid's metastatic potential?
- Location and size
- Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis causes what changes to the pancreas?
- Autodigestion, chalky-white 'fat necrosis,' hemorrhagic, edematous
- Name two polyposis syndromes that do not preispose for colon cancer?
- Juvenile polyposis syndrome and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- Glands and sawtooth crypts with a proliferation of goblet and columnar epithelial cells - what type of polyp?
- Hyperplastic polyp
- What is a pancreatic pseudocyst?
- Complication of pancreatitis - lined by granulation tissue and collagen, containing pancreatic juices and lysed blood.
- Acetaminophen toxicity would cause elevation in which enzymes?
- AST and ALT
- This is formed by herniation of the mucosa at a point of weakness at the junction of the pharynx and esophagus in the posterior hypopharyngeal wall⬦?
- Zenker’s diverticulum
- What is the triad of Plumner-Vinson syndrome?
- Esophageal webs, atrophic glossitis, and iron-deficiency anemia
- Markedly enlarged rugal folds can be seen in several conditions, including⬦?
- Infiltrative cancer, lymphoma, hypersecretory gastropathy, and Menetrier disease
- What is Menetrier disease?
- Men at rear – protein losing enteropathy – marked hyperplasia of mucus-secreting cells.
- Tuberculosis GI involvement?
- Mass lesions and strictures
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma is most often located...? Which HPV is associated with almost half of all oral cancers?
- Floor of the mouth. HPV16
- Acute gastritis can be seen as a complication of which other conditions?
- Alcohol use, NSAIDs, smoking, shock, steroid use, and uremia
- Which autoimmune disease is associated with atrophic gastritis?
- Pernicious anemia
- Tumor composed of uniform round cells arranged in trabeculae, with a 'salt-and-pepper' chromatin pattern
- Carcinoid
- Cardiac failure, megaesophagus in Brazilian man...?
- Chagas
- One of the most common etiologic agents of infective esophagitis...?
- Herpes simplex
- What parts of the liver are Zones 1, 2, and 3, associated with...?
-
Zone 1 - periportal
Zone 2 - intermediate
Zone 3 - Central vein - Which liver zone contains the P450 oxidase enzyme system?
- Zone 3
- Disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, producing alternating strictures and dilatation...?
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Usual cause of intestinal amebiasis, with small nuclei with distinctive tiny central karyosomes..?
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Most likely cause of sudden gastrointestinal obstruction?
- Intussusception
- On biopsy, this protozoan appears crescent-shaped...?
- Giardia lamblia
- Tumors from the penis, vagina, and anal canal drain to which lymph nodes?
- Medial side of the horizontal chain of the superficial group of inguinal lymph nodes
- Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions...?
- Mallory bodies
- Predisposing condition to angiosarcoma in the liver?
- Vinyl chloride exposure (used in the rubber industry)
- Liver steatosis would progress to what if the noxious stimulus is removed?
- Complete regression
- Pancreatic calcifications constitute strong radiologic evidence of...?
- Chronic pancreatitis
- T or F? Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease associated with atrophic gastritis
- True
- Celiac sprue is located...?
- Proximal small bowel
- Polycythemia vera woman develops progressive severe ascites and tender hepatomegaly..?
- Budd-Chiari