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woman age 65 pruritis mass pain ulceration of vulva: carcinoma
which gives you more exposure to misoprostol, vaginal or oral?: vaginal
flagellated motile protozoa on wet prep: trichominiasis
pelvic pathology is found in what percent of women with dyspareunia: 30-40%
kallmann's syndrome: pituitary adenoma causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
why do pregnant women get falsely low TSH: hCG is a glycoprotein similiar in structure and funciton to TSH (and FSH and LH)
calendar method: shortest cycle minus ____ and longest cycle minus ____: 18, 11
markers of adult granulosa cell tumor: call-exner bodies, inhibin
which components of serum T decline with age: all of them
most testicular cancer presents with: mass or swelling
how are sex cord/stromal tumors usually found: they cause endocrine abnormalities
hormone used to increase gonadotropin release: clomiphene citrate
monclonal smooth muscle tumor of the pelvis: leiomyoma
how does ovarian cancer spread: direct extension to peritoneal surfaces
treatment of early stage cervical carcinoma: radical hysterectomy
tests for AUB to rule out pregnancy: PE, bHCG, pelvic USN, Rh determination
treatment of endometriosis: surgery, OCP, progestins, danazol, lupron/GnRH agonist - goal is amenorrhea
METs found with sexual activity: 3 or 4
progesterone in menopause: none
cholestasis and cholelithiasis: increased in pregnancy
40 yo female suspicious lesion in breast. if not cancer, what is it: radial scar
prolonged latent phase: >20 or 14 hrs
therapy for non-seminoma germ cell tumor: chemotherapy
bladder contraction inhibited by which nerve: hypogastric nerve (SNS fibers)
regression of CL caused by decreasing levels of...: E2, progesterone, inhibin
fibroadenoma more common in whites or blacks: blacks
contraindications to medical abortion: long term steroid use, bleeding disorder, IUD, possible ectopic pregnancy
ERT increases risk of: breast cancer, vascular dz
blood volume in pregnancy goes up or down: up
hyperinsulinemia may lead to increased...: androgen production
intervillous space: maternal blood bathes chorionic villi
hormones produced by cytotrophoblast: GnRH, CRH, TRH
evaluating amenorrhea, withdrawal of progesterone after progesterone challenge leading to bleeding indicates...: ovulatory problem
primary amenorrhea is no menses by what age: 16
signs of ectopic pregnancy: pain, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding
varicocele is a dilation of what vein: internal spermatic vein
how long can sperm survive: 6 days
toxins which affect male fertility: pesticides and cleaning solvents
stage C testicular cancer: nodal spread beyond the peritoneum
fluid in the tunica vaginalis: hydrocele
annual live births in USA: 4 million
side effects of PDE5i due to vasodilation/smooth muscle effects: headache, flushing, rhinitis, dyspepsia
spermicide does provide protection against: bacterial STD
the following are assessed in ART: folliculogenesis, fertilization, embryo quality, implantation rate, preimplantation genetic diagnosis
hormones produced by syncytiotrophoblast: hCG, ACTH, chorionic thyrotropin
yeast infection is infection with what organism: candida
most common type of testicular germ cell tumor: seminoma
cervical skip lesions: adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS)
behavioral therapy for vaginismus: sensate focus exercises, masturbation training, kegels, media therapy
monochorionic-diamnionic: 100% MZ, split day 4-8
common mutations in infertile men: CFTR, microdeletion Y, XYY, CBAVD, 46XX male
treatment of leimyoma: hormones, surgery, uterine artery embolization
oligohydramnios: fetal renal abnormality
antiprogestin to abort pregnancy: mifepristone
Ca-125 is a marker for: epithelial ovarian cancer
25 yo female breast mass: fibroadenoma
part of levator ani most often injured during parturition: pubococcygeous
during pregnancy, vasoconstrictors are dulled and vasodilators are enhanced by what hormone: progesterone
perinatal mortality in the US: 9/1000
hormone associated with desire: testosterone
most common cause of dyspareunia under 50: vulvodynia
basic infertility evaluation includes...: gametes, transportation
LH in pregnancy: decreased
pychological factors assoc. with vulvodynia: anxiety, shyness, perfectionism, harm avoidance, low threshold for pain
treatment of inflammatory breast cancer: neoadjuvant chemo, surgery, then radiation
stage D testicular cancer: spread to other organs
most varicoceles are found on what side: left side
problem with oral testosterone therapy: high first pass effect
which type, pre or postpubertal, of teratoma can metastasize: postpubertal
increased GnRH pulsatility favors production of...: FSH
leading cause of death in women worldwide: cervical cancer
30 day recall of distress related to lack of interest in sex: personal distress scale
germ cell tumors: seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, mixed
incidence of hot flashes: 85%
radial scar is associated with what other breast disease: fibrocystic disease
upper 2/3 of vagina is derived from: mesoderm
how many days before ovulation should a couple start intercourse q24: 5
treatment for priapism: phenylephrine
percentage of pregnancies delivered by C-section: 25
vaginal pH: 4
inhibin is secreted by what cell in the male: sertoli cell
what is produced in the granulosa cell stimulated by LH in the luteal phase: progesterone
most common testicular tumor in infants: yolk sac tumor
peau d'orange skin: inflammatory breast cancer
mullerian anomaly is associated with anomaly in what other system: renal
proteolytic enzyme activity in follicular wall is enhanced by...: progesterone
what percentage of infertile men have a varicocele: 20-40
medical treatment of hot flashes: SSRI, gabapentin
PDE5 inhibitor cross reaction with PDE6: retina (blue)
side effect of alendronate: GI problems
AUB cervical lesions include...: carcinoma, dysplasia, polyps, cervicitis
primary outbreak of herpes simplex: fever, malaise, lesions, urinary sx
invasion of the spiral arterioles is done by what structure: intermediate trophoblast
NOS leads to smooth muscle relaxation through: decreased intracellular calcium
endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium: adenomyosis
most common STD: chlamydia
dichorionic-diamnionic: 70% DZ 30% MZ, split at day 3
penile injections: PGE1, papaverine, phentolamine
number of follicles at birth: 1 million
emergency contraception prevents what percent of pregnancies which would otherwise occur: 75
secondary hypogonadism: hypothalamic or pituitary dysfxn
woman with nipple pain during nursing, erythema: mastitis
causes of increased SHBG: aging, cirrhosis, hyperestrogenemia, obesity
pathophys of pre-ecclampsia: lack of maternal spiral artery invasion
HNPCC (AD) predisposes to what cancers: colon, endometrial, breast, ovary
some products of conception expelled but not all, with bleeding and cervical dilation: incomplete abortion
factors influencing vasovasectomy outcome: time since, quality of sperm in vas, antisperm antibodies, epididymal obstruction
percentage of US women with impaired fecundity at any time: 8.5%
pre-ecclampsia: hypertension and proteinuria
definition of preterm: less than ___ wks: 37
rule of 3 for semen analysis: 3 specimens 3 days abstinence 3 weeks apart
accreta: superficial myometrium
placenta accreta: absence of nitabuch's layer, implantation is in the myometrium
vital capacity in pregnancy: unchanged
place where fertilization occurs: ampulla
majority of squamous cancer is what type: squamous
continuous UI: neither urgency nor stress, large volumes day and night, suggestive of fistula
diagnostic test for endometriosis: laparoscopy
made from pregnenolone in the theca cell: 17-OH pregnenolone
most important factor in fetal growth: IGF
normal bacteria of vagina: lactobacilli
pH with yeast infection is: <4
hormones bad for sexual function: serotonin, norepi
renal changes in pregnancy: size increase, RBF increase, GFR increase, serum creat BUN and uric acid decrease
bladder neck controlled by which nerve: pudendal nerve
neuro changes of menopause: short term memory, sleep disturbance, fatigue, irritability
secondary studies in evaluation of infertility: ovarian reserve testing, antisperm ab test, endometrial receptivity assay, ART
the corpus luteum is formed by enlarged...: granulosa cells
bladder contraction caused by which nerve: pelvic nerve (PNS)
vaginal bleeding within first 12 weeks of pregnancy: threatened abortion
stage A testicular cancer: confined to testis
surfactant that destroys sperm cell membrane: nonoxynol-9
converts andro to estrone: PKA
HPV is what type of virus: dsDNA
drug for ovulation induction: clomid
if AFP is elevated, what is it definitely NOT: seminoma
malodorous yellow-green discharge with itch (from vagina): T. vaginalis
ASC-US found. next step: HPV DNA testing
you find LSIL. what now: observation with repeat cytology and colposcopy at 6 month intervals
grey homogenous discharge, alkaline, with fishy odor on KOH...: bacterial vaginosis
complications of gonorrhea: bacteremia, vesicular necrotic skin lesions, arthritis
highest oxygen content coming into fetal heart: ductus venosus and left hepatic vein
risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: STD, PID, cervical dysplasia, ART
components of active testosterone: free T and albumin-bound T
E2 acts centrally on FSH as a...: negative feedback mechanism
cardinal movements of the fetus in cephalic presentation: engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation
functions of DHT: facial and body hair, acne, scalp hair loss, prostate growth
abscess at introitus: bartholin's gland abscess
mechanism of HPV leading to cervical neoplasia: E6-E7 oncoprotein negates p53 suppressor activity
lower 1/3 of vagina is derived from: ectoderm
AUB vulvar/vaginal lesions include...: carcinoma, trauma, foreign body, pessaries
epididymis anterior, horizontal lie to testis, high in scrotal sac, tender: testicular torsion
LH in menopause: high
aka genital warts: condyloma accuminatum
what percent of LSIL regresses: 50-75
steroids for immune suppression are produced by (during pregnancy): decidualized endometrium
elevated bHCG or AFP strongly suggests: NSGCT
what type of spermatogonia enter meiosis: type b
important infection causing toxic shock syndrome in vaginal misoprostol users: clostridium sordelli
most common STD in US: HPV
the most cost effective long term form of contraception: vasectomy
lymph node to evaluate for vulvar carcinoma: inguinal node
past medical problems that can lead to infertility in a man: cancer, respiratory, CF, diabetes, MS, pituitary tumor
percentage of women with a 28 day cycle: 15%
treatment of herpes simplex: acyclovir
pulmonary changes in pregnancy: O2 consumption up, tidal volume increased, insp capacity increased, vital capacity same, FRC and residual volume decreased
markers of endodermal sinus tumor: AFP, Schiller-Duval bodies
oocyte aging results in problems with...: mitochondria, microtubules, spindle formation
perimenopause/climacteric phase: 2-4 yrs
most common population for germ cell tumors, malig or benign: pre- and peripubertal females
unilateral enlarged tender mass: granulomatous orchitis
maternal immune response to conceptus is regulated by: trophoblast (not endometrium)
indications for ERT/HRT: symptom control, bleeding control, osteoporosis prevention
3 muscles of continence in women: vaginal muscularis, urethral sphincter, levator ani muscles
the sertoli cell responds to which hormones: FSH and testosterone
radial scar: bilateral or unilateral: bilateral in half
characteristic cell of HPV: koilocyte
treatment of late stage cervical carcinoma: radiation
fetal IVC receives blood from: ductus venosus, portal vein, hepatic veins
what percentage of fibroadenomas are multiple: 25
why does hematocrit decrease in pregnancy: plasma volume increases more than RBC volume
type of Ig that crosses placenta: IgG
symptoms preceding menses: molimina
infections of the fetus: TORCH, group B strep, vaginal pathogens
peristalsis in ejaculation is most rapid in what phase: climax
mass that illuminates, posterior to testis: spermatocele
what does not occur with a follicular cyst: ovulation
decidua: endometrial glands and stroma
pO2 in pregnancy: high - gradient for baby
combined hypogonadism: decreased GnRH pulsatility plus decreased leydig cell response
part of brain to MRI for evaluation of amenorrhea: sella turcica
reasons frailer follicles drop out: less FSH, less aromatase, less E2, less granulosa cell prolif, increased androgens
PDE11 inhibition: muscle, heart, testis, pituitary
made from 17-OH pregnenolone in the theca cell: DHEA
treatment of mastitis: antibiotics w/ or without drainage
products of conception expelled, cervical os closed, minimal bleeding: complete abortion
evaluation of mastitis: ultrasound
serous tumors of low malignant potential: no destructive stromal invasion
single umbilical artery especially causes what types of abnormalities: renal and cardiac
definition of infertility does not include...: pregnancy loss
treatment of endometrial CA: radiation, progesterone
most common breast neoplasm in adolescents and young women: fibroadenoma
risk factors for cervical neoplasia: age at first intercourse, number of sex partners, smoking, HIV, DM, HPV
in what situation is estrogen alone (no progesterone needed) ok: post-hysterectomy
contraindications to ERT: breast CA, acute liver dz, chronic liver problems, ER+ tumors, thromboembolic dz, fibroids, undiagnosed abnormal bleeding
problem with granulosa cells that may lead to compromised ovarian reserve: decreased inhibin B to suppress FSH
prototype of HPV pathology: condyloma
treatments for dyspareunia: lubricants, local estrogen, surgical exploration, counseling
estrogen receptor on bone: ER beta
most common invasive carcinoma of the breast: invasive ductal carcinoma
lifetime risk of ovarian cancer: 1 in 70
ERT decreases risk of: osteoporosis, colon cancer
testosterone feeds back where: pituitary
functions of hCG: maintain CL by progesterone production, stimulate placental and adrenal steroidogenesis, immunosuppression, thyrotropic
curative treatment for seminoma: external radiation
definition of menopause: one year of amenorrhea
ulcer on erythematous base: herpes simplex
methods to determine ovulation: calendar, basal body temperature, cervical mucus
time required for sperm production: 74-90 days
percreta: full thickness of myometrial penetration
made from androstenedione in the granulosa cell: estrone
common mets from invasive ductal carcinoma: axilla, bone, brain, liver, lungs
hot flashes coincide with what: LH pulses
actions of benzothiaphenes (raloxifene): mixed agonist/antagonist, prevent osteoporosis, decrease LDL, promote hot flashes, no effect on breast
continuous UI is suggestive of what: fistula
responsible for breakdown of cGMP: PDE5
made from DHEA in the theca cell: androstenedione
<5yo, red-tan grape clusters: sarcoma botryoides
tadalafil: cialis
testosterone in menopause: normal
progesterone suppresses new follicular growth by acting at...: hypothalamus and ovary
firbrocystic disease treatment: NSAIDs, OCP, primrose, yam
hypercoagulability in pregnancy due to: increase in fibrinogen, factors 7 8 9 10
how many hours after ovulation is egg receptive: 12
things to do when taking sexual history: simple clear language, ask permission to discuss, legitimize concerns
cytotrophoblast: villous structural support
annual conceptions in USA: 10 million
pap smear is what kind of test (diag or screening): screening only
asherman's syndrome results from disruption of what endometrial layer: basalis
the main difference in OCPs is in what: type of progesterone
MOA of acyclovir: inhibit thymidine kinase
maternal death in the USA: 8/100,000
treatments of chlamydia: azithromycin, EES, doxycycline, ofloxacin
FSH in menopause: high
percentage of infants born prematurely: 12
rapidly enlarging CL cyst: hemorrhagic corpus luteum
medical therapy for UI: muscarinic blockers
blood from the RV leaves through the: ductus arteriosus
increased SHBG causes a decrease in: free T
diagnosis of leimyoma: ultrasound, MRI, CBC (but pelvic exam first)
vardenafil: levitra
sildenafil: viagra
incessant ovulation is a sign of: ovarian carcinoma
common component of mixed germ cell tumors: embryonal carcinoma
risk of carcinoma with radial scar?: none
anovulation, obesity, hirsutism, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism: PCOS
treatment for epididymitis caused by STD: tetracycline, ceftriaxone, quinolones
elevated AFP in a man: yolk sac tumor, pure embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma
mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome is absence of what: uterus and vagina
35 yo white woman unilateral nipple discharge: intraductal papilloma
pregnant woman with breast cancer...how long to delay chemo: 2nd trimester
erection mediated by which nerves: s2-s4
poorly defined immunosuppressive protein released by corpus luteum in response to PAF-like substance and blastocyst: EPF
regulator of spermatogenesis: sertoli cell
artery responsible for erection: central artery
which clotting factors remain the same in pregnancy: 2, 5, 12
hormonal treatments for AUB: OCP, HRT, cyclic progesterone, thyroid replacement, bromocriptine
early coitarche, multiple partners, tobacco use, HPV, immunosuppression, STDs: cervical dysplasia
klinefelter's syndrome: XYY
michigan abortion rules: 24 hr wait, parental consent for minors, ban on public funding, gag rule
thyroid dysfxn leads to AUB through...: increased TRH, PRL release, DA release (DA and PRL inhibit GnRH pulsatility)
is embryonic tissue in contact with maternal blood stream: no, only trophoblast, which is extra-embryonic
loss of rete pegs on vulva: lichen sclerosis
secondary amenorrhea is no menses for how many months: 3
most common cause of dyspareunia over 50: vulvovaginal atrophy
functions of estradiol: bone formation, breast tissue
percent of couples who will experience repro difficulties: 25%
what percent of pregnancies end in abortion: 25
changes in total T3 and T4 in pregnancy: increased due to estrogen-mediated increase in TBG
outer layer of the trophoblast: syncytiotrophoblast
heavier than normal menstrual flow may be due to...: incomplete shedding of endometrial lining
OCPs increase the risk of what STD: chlamydia
surgical treatment for stress incontinence: retropubic suspension
paget's disease of the breast is associated in 95% of cases with: underlying carcinoma
causes of HPO axis dysfunction: thryroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, stress, exercise changes
effect of turner's syndrome on ovary: ovarian failure
seminal emission is mediated by which nerves: t10-L2
abnormal bleeding at menopause due to what: fluctuations in estrogen, irregular ovulation, disordered proliferation of endometrium
type of disorder more prevalent in women: depression and anxiety
phenotypic female XY with absent mullerian system is at risk for what cancer: testicular cancer
treatment of bacterial vaginosis: metronidazole or clindamycin
most common cause of CBAVD: single CFTR mutation
immature squamous cells on wet prep, itching and burning, low estrogen: atrophic vaginitis
treatment of DCIS: excise with 3mm margin, then do radiation
most common reasons patients wont talk to doctor about sexual issues: physican doesnt have time, embarrassment, thought no treatment available
targetoid inclusions: CMV
causes of cervical inflammation: increased estradiol, increased glycogen storage, lactobacillus, streptococcus, e.coli, anaerobes, acidic pH, squamous metaplasia
percentage of men with some type of ED: 50
limit to filling of penis: tunica albuginea
false negative rate of pap smear: 20%
irregular menstrual intervals, excessive flow and duration: metrorrhagia
sertoli only syndrome: germ cell aplasia due to gonadotropin deficiency, cryptorchidism, estrogen therapy, chemotherapy
common location for lesions of endometriosis: dependent portions of the pelvis
epididymitis etiology: retrograde infection from vas deferens
secretions of the sertoli cell: ABP, inhibin
treatment of intraductal papilloma: excise affected duct
WBC and platelet counts in pregnancy: WBC up, platelets down
oral contraceptives reduce the risk of: ovarian carcinoma
stage B testicular cancer: spread to nodes in the retroperitoneum
treatment of gonorrhea: ceftriaxone and doxycycline
requirements for a sexual dysfunction diagnossis: persistent or recurrent problem, causes personal distress
diagnosis of fat necrosis: excisional biopsy
complications of testosterone replacement, worst with injection: polycythemia, sleep apnea, hepatotox, prostate disease, low sperm, lower HDL, edema, gynecomastia
surgical abortion - normally inpatient or outpatient: outpatient
aromatase activity is inhibited by...: androgens
predisposing factors for yeast infection: DM, pregnancy, antibiotics, obesity
percentage of couples unable to concieve after 1 yr: 15-20%
90% of all germ cell tumors have what chromosomal abnormality: isochromosome 12
increased LH receptors on granulosa cells of the lead follicle are due to...: FSH
only view of internal tubal anatomy: hysterosalpingogram
treatment for epididymitis caused by gram negative enterics: SMX-TMP, quinolones
neonatal conjunctivitis, blindness, pneumonitis: chlamydia
why no alpha blockers with viagra: synergistic effect
adenocarcinoma of the cervix assoc with what HPV: 18
aromatase activity is enhanced by...: low androgens
zygote implants as: blastocyst
treatment for LCIS or ADH: wire localization excisional biopsy, no margins needed
you find a varicocele only on the right side. what next: workup for retroperitoneal mass
enzyme that aids in dispersing cumulus cells: hyaluronidase
etiology of mastitis: staph aureus or strep
E2 acts on FSH receptor of granulosa cell as a...: positive feedback mechanism (synergistic)
what is more important to assess in a man, LH or FSH: LH
projectile ejaculation is skeletal muscle, innervated by: pudendal nerve
corpus luteum cyst causes what: prolonged luteal phase
a physiological response of hormones, nervous system, and vascular system: arousal
amount of flow dependent upon what: how rapid the endometrium sheds
mass that illuminates, anterior to testis: hydrocele
treatment of phyllodes tumor: excision with 1cm margin, radiation if chest wall involved, axillary node dissection NOT indicated
gynecomastia associated with what conditions: hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis, renal failure, pulmonary malignancy, testicular tumors
bleeding and clotting time in pregnancy: normal
site of sperm storage: cauda of the epididymis
FSH decreased in pregnancy due to: estrogen, hCG, prolactin negative fdbk
AUB systemic causes: bleeding disorder, hepatic failure, renal failure
drugs that may cause ED: antihypertensives, antidepressants, antihistamines, anti-androgens, h2 blockers, 5a reductase inhibitors, statins
clue cells indicate...: bacterial vaginosis
RAA in pregnancy: different set point, works same
sexual health concerns are more common in...: women (43% vs 31%)
medical abortion: day two: misoprostol orally
progesterone level during LH surge is...: low
funisitis: inflammation of the umbilical cord
treatments for PMS: prostaglandin inhibitors, SSRI, OCP
changes in aging men: serum testosterone declines, decrease in t clearance, increase in SHBG, decline in leydig cell count
most common cause of infertility: ovulation defects
most common GYN malignancy: endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma
persistent or recurrent pain with attempted or complete vaginal entry: dyspareunia
patient is diagnosed with CIN I. likely outcome?: regression within one year
penile NOS depends on what hormone: testosterone (androgens)
what types of bone lost in menopause: cortical and trabecular
spontaneous abortion is most often due to: implantation site failure
persistent difficulty to allow vaginal entry: vaginismus
what is the amniotic sac composed of: fetal cells
which findings on pap smear will lead to the need for colposcopy: LSIL, HSIL, carcinoma
treatment of T.vaginalis: metronidazole
amnion: lining of the surrounding sac
type of contraception that can be used during menses: diaphragm
risk of infrapubic approach to penile surgery: injury to dorsal penile nerve
50x more likely to develop testicular cancer with...: cryptorchidism
30 day recall of sexual stuff: profile of female sexual functions (PFSF)
strict criteria for sperm eval: 20 mil/ml, 50% motility, 15% not ****ed up, no WBCs or antibodies
antimetabolite to stop pregnancy growth: methotrexate
risk factors for endometrial cancer: obesity, htn, DM, anovulation, nulligravid, tamoxifen
chorionic villi: placental connection to fetal circulation
the level of what hormone is a good indicator of spermatogenesis: FSH
LCIS has risk of: DCIS
hormone that rescues next dominant follicle from atresia: FSH
absence of feelings of sexual arousal, but signs of physical response still occur: subjective sexual arousal disorder
overflow UI: urgency or stress incontinence, poor emptying function
how are most LCIS found: incidentally
pCO2 in pregnancy: low - gradient for baby
you find HSIL. what now: treat. LEEP or cone biopsy, laser ablation, cryotherapy
LH and FSH stimulate what second messenger: cAMP
embryonic demise, no POC passed: missed abortion
what hormones do you screen for when evaluating a man for infertility: FSH, LH, T, PRL
what is spermiogenesis: maturation of spermatids to spermatozoa
menstrual interval greater than 35 days: oligomenorrhea
primary hypogonadism: testicular failure
sertoli-leydig tumors most common in what age group: <30
risk of vaginal infection in menopause is due to: increase in pH
LH is high and FSH is low in anovulatory woman. suspect...: PCOS
rapidly expanding breast mass: cystosarcoma phyllodes
CL is maintained by this hormone: bHCG
first step if you suspect vaginal carcinoma: biopsy
non-hormonal treatments for AUB: NSAIDs, iron
presentations of chlamydia: cervicitis, salpingitis, urethritis
treatments for vulvodynia: TCA, venlafaxine, carbamazapine, gabapentin, pelvic floor exercises
meigs syndrome: ovarian fibroma, ascites, pleural effusion
most common ovarian tumor: dermoid cyst
functions of testosterone: muscle mass, skeletal growth, speratogenesis, sexual function
IVF indications in a man: mild to moderate problem not responding to treatment, severe problems untreatable, antisperm antibodies, or failed vasovasectomy
risk factors for ovarian cancer: family hx, personal hx of breast cancer, nulliparity, talc, obesity
regular menstrual intervals, excessive flow and duration: menorrhagia
peak incidence of endometrial polyps: 40-49
muscles of extrinsic urethral support: vaginal muscularis and levator ani
microcalcifications on mammogram: DCIS
weekly diary to measure intercourse activity: sexual activity log
zygote reaches uterine cavity as: morula
mean age for vaginal carcinoma: 65
elevated hCG in a man: choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, seminoma
sequence of events during implantation: apposition, adherence, implantation
37 yo female pain in both breasts, esp with menses: fibrocystic changes
binding protein for testosterone: SHBG (60%) and albumin (38%)
hallmark lesion of pre-ecclampsia: fibrinoid necrosis of maternal decidual vasculature
syncytiotrophoblast: produce hCG, maintain CL
evaluation of normal ovulation: qualitative (was it normal) - what do you look at?: timed mid-luteal P4 level
monochorionic-monoamnionic: split past day 8, high risk of fetal malformation
hGH in pregnancy: decreased. hPL may have negative fdbk
incidence of spontaneous abortion: 10-20%
herpes simplex is what kind of virus: dsDNA
effects of androgens in men: lean body mass, low fat mass, increase muscle strength
what component of T drops the most in aging men: free T
types of receptors on granulosa cell: FSH, LH
rapidly enlarging pelvic mass in child, elevated AFP: yolk sac tumor
treatment of osteoporosis: bisphosphonates, SERMs
luteinization of granulosa cells leads to production of...: progesterone
most common MALIGNANT germ cell tumor of the ovary: dysgerminoma
irregular breast mass without discrete borders: fat necrosis
what congenital infertility problems are NOT assoc with CFTR mutation: wolffian duct anomaly, renal aplasia, renal ectopia
dilation of cervix, vaginal bleeding, products visible: inevitable abortion
leading causes of death from abortion: anesthetic complications, infection, hemorrhage
first trimester glucose in mother: low - hyperinsulinemia
increta: deep myometrium
more difficult to determine fertile period when...: coming off OCPs, extremes of repro life, recent childbirth or breastfeeding, irregular menses
impaired sexual arousal from genital stimulation, but subjective sexual excitement still occurs from non-genital stimuli: genital sexual arousal disorder
is trophoblast fetal or placental: placental
medical abortion: day one: 3 mifepristone tablets, Rh Ig
respiratory acidosis or alkalosis in pregnancy: alkalosis
muscular problems of continence in women - loss of support where: bladder and urethra
how many hours to get semen sample to lab if taken at home: 1
percentage of adults who want to discuss sexual function with doctor: 85%
breast cancer drug that increases risk of uterine cancer: tamoxifen
site of sperm maturation: caput and corpus of the epididymis
intermediate trophoblast: establishes vascular interface between decidua and placenta
what does the chorion frondosum become: placenta
innervation of the urethra: sympa, parasympa, somatic
absence of menses for 3-6 in previously ovulatory woman: secondary amenorrhea
fibrocystic disease: unilateral or bilateral: bilateral
most common cause of obstructive azoospermia: vasectomy
inhibin feeds back where: pituitary
role of progesterone in HT: protect endometrium
preferred method of evaluating adnexal structures: ultrasound
insulin resistance in pregnancy: caused by hPL, increased cortisol, progesterone, estrogen, insulinase
endometriosis affects what percent of women with infertility: 30-50%
how to diagnose semen infection: round cells using peroxidase stain
are most germ cell tumors single or mixed histology: mixed
glucosuria in pregnancy is normal, resulting from: increased GFR
most crucial time for infant being born/not born: 24-28 wks
estrogen in menopause: none
no bleed with progesterone challenge indicates...: low estrogen
inner layer of the trophoblast: cytotrophoblast
HPV+ or repeat ASC-US after 6-12 months: colposcopy
transformation zone change in menopause: higher up in cervix
what percent of HSIL progresses to cancer: 30-50

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Number of cards 462