Repro
Terms
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copy deck
- woman age 65 pruritis mass pain ulceration of vulva
- carcinoma
- which gives you more exposure to misoprostol, vaginal or oral?
- vaginal
- flagellated motile protozoa on wet prep
- trichominiasis
- pelvic pathology is found in what percent of women with dyspareunia
- 30-40%
- kallmann's syndrome
- pituitary adenoma causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- why do pregnant women get falsely low TSH
- hCG is a glycoprotein similiar in structure and funciton to TSH (and FSH and LH)
- calendar method: shortest cycle minus ____ and longest cycle minus ____
- 18, 11
- markers of adult granulosa cell tumor
- call-exner bodies, inhibin
- which components of serum T decline with age
- all of them
- most testicular cancer presents with
- mass or swelling
- how are sex cord/stromal tumors usually found
- they cause endocrine abnormalities
- hormone used to increase gonadotropin release
- clomiphene citrate
- monclonal smooth muscle tumor of the pelvis
- leiomyoma
- how does ovarian cancer spread
- direct extension to peritoneal surfaces
- treatment of early stage cervical carcinoma
- radical hysterectomy
- tests for AUB to rule out pregnancy
- PE, bHCG, pelvic USN, Rh determination
- treatment of endometriosis
- surgery, OCP, progestins, danazol, lupron/GnRH agonist - goal is amenorrhea
- METs found with sexual activity
- 3 or 4
- progesterone in menopause
- none
- cholestasis and cholelithiasis
- increased in pregnancy
- 40 yo female suspicious lesion in breast. if not cancer, what is it
- radial scar
- prolonged latent phase
- >20 or 14 hrs
- therapy for non-seminoma germ cell tumor
- chemotherapy
- bladder contraction inhibited by which nerve
- hypogastric nerve (SNS fibers)
- regression of CL caused by decreasing levels of...
- E2, progesterone, inhibin
- fibroadenoma more common in whites or blacks
- blacks
- contraindications to medical abortion
- long term steroid use, bleeding disorder, IUD, possible ectopic pregnancy
- ERT increases risk of
- breast cancer, vascular dz
- blood volume in pregnancy goes up or down
- up
- hyperinsulinemia may lead to increased...
- androgen production
- intervillous space
- maternal blood bathes chorionic villi
- hormones produced by cytotrophoblast
- GnRH, CRH, TRH
- evaluating amenorrhea, withdrawal of progesterone after progesterone challenge leading to bleeding indicates...
- ovulatory problem
- primary amenorrhea is no menses by what age
- 16
- signs of ectopic pregnancy
- pain, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding
- varicocele is a dilation of what vein
- internal spermatic vein
- how long can sperm survive
- 6 days
- toxins which affect male fertility
- pesticides and cleaning solvents
- stage C testicular cancer
- nodal spread beyond the peritoneum
- fluid in the tunica vaginalis
- hydrocele
- annual live births in USA
- 4 million
- side effects of PDE5i due to vasodilation/smooth muscle effects
- headache, flushing, rhinitis, dyspepsia
- spermicide does provide protection against
- bacterial STD
- the following are assessed in ART
- folliculogenesis, fertilization, embryo quality, implantation rate, preimplantation genetic diagnosis
- hormones produced by syncytiotrophoblast
- hCG, ACTH, chorionic thyrotropin
- yeast infection is infection with what organism
- candida
- most common type of testicular germ cell tumor
- seminoma
- cervical skip lesions
- adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS)
- behavioral therapy for vaginismus
- sensate focus exercises, masturbation training, kegels, media therapy
- monochorionic-diamnionic
- 100% MZ, split day 4-8
- common mutations in infertile men
- CFTR, microdeletion Y, XYY, CBAVD, 46XX male
- treatment of leimyoma
- hormones, surgery, uterine artery embolization
- oligohydramnios
- fetal renal abnormality
- antiprogestin to abort pregnancy
- mifepristone
- Ca-125 is a marker for
- epithelial ovarian cancer
- 25 yo female breast mass
- fibroadenoma
- part of levator ani most often injured during parturition
- pubococcygeous
- during pregnancy, vasoconstrictors are dulled and vasodilators are enhanced by what hormone
- progesterone
- perinatal mortality in the US
- 9/1000
- hormone associated with desire
- testosterone
- most common cause of dyspareunia under 50
- vulvodynia
- basic infertility evaluation includes...
- gametes, transportation
- LH in pregnancy
- decreased
- pychological factors assoc. with vulvodynia
- anxiety, shyness, perfectionism, harm avoidance, low threshold for pain
- treatment of inflammatory breast cancer
- neoadjuvant chemo, surgery, then radiation
- stage D testicular cancer
- spread to other organs
- most varicoceles are found on what side
- left side
- problem with oral testosterone therapy
- high first pass effect
- which type, pre or postpubertal, of teratoma can metastasize
- postpubertal
- increased GnRH pulsatility favors production of...
- FSH
- leading cause of death in women worldwide
- cervical cancer
- 30 day recall of distress related to lack of interest in sex
- personal distress scale
- germ cell tumors
- seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, mixed
- incidence of hot flashes
- 85%
- radial scar is associated with what other breast disease
- fibrocystic disease
- upper 2/3 of vagina is derived from
- mesoderm
- how many days before ovulation should a couple start intercourse q24
- 5
- treatment for priapism
- phenylephrine
- percentage of pregnancies delivered by C-section
- 25
- vaginal pH
- 4
- inhibin is secreted by what cell in the male
- sertoli cell
- what is produced in the granulosa cell stimulated by LH in the luteal phase
- progesterone
- most common testicular tumor in infants
- yolk sac tumor
- peau d'orange skin
- inflammatory breast cancer
- mullerian anomaly is associated with anomaly in what other system
- renal
- proteolytic enzyme activity in follicular wall is enhanced by...
- progesterone
- what percentage of infertile men have a varicocele
- 20-40
- medical treatment of hot flashes
- SSRI, gabapentin
- PDE5 inhibitor cross reaction with PDE6
- retina (blue)
- side effect of alendronate
- GI problems
- AUB cervical lesions include...
- carcinoma, dysplasia, polyps, cervicitis
- primary outbreak of herpes simplex
- fever, malaise, lesions, urinary sx
- invasion of the spiral arterioles is done by what structure
- intermediate trophoblast
- NOS leads to smooth muscle relaxation through
- decreased intracellular calcium
- endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium
- adenomyosis
- most common STD
- chlamydia
- dichorionic-diamnionic
- 70% DZ 30% MZ, split at day 3
- penile injections
- PGE1, papaverine, phentolamine
- number of follicles at birth
- 1 million
- emergency contraception prevents what percent of pregnancies which would otherwise occur
- 75
- secondary hypogonadism
- hypothalamic or pituitary dysfxn
- woman with nipple pain during nursing, erythema
- mastitis
- causes of increased SHBG
- aging, cirrhosis, hyperestrogenemia, obesity
- pathophys of pre-ecclampsia
- lack of maternal spiral artery invasion
- HNPCC (AD) predisposes to what cancers
- colon, endometrial, breast, ovary
- some products of conception expelled but not all, with bleeding and cervical dilation
- incomplete abortion
- factors influencing vasovasectomy outcome
- time since, quality of sperm in vas, antisperm antibodies, epididymal obstruction
- percentage of US women with impaired fecundity at any time
- 8.5%
- pre-ecclampsia
- hypertension and proteinuria
- definition of preterm: less than ___ wks
- 37
- rule of 3 for semen analysis
- 3 specimens 3 days abstinence 3 weeks apart
- accreta
- superficial myometrium
- placenta accreta
- absence of nitabuch's layer, implantation is in the myometrium
- vital capacity in pregnancy
- unchanged
- place where fertilization occurs
- ampulla
- majority of squamous cancer is what type
- squamous
- continuous UI
- neither urgency nor stress, large volumes day and night, suggestive of fistula
- diagnostic test for endometriosis
- laparoscopy
- made from pregnenolone in the theca cell
- 17-OH pregnenolone
- most important factor in fetal growth
- IGF
- normal bacteria of vagina
- lactobacilli
- pH with yeast infection is
- <4
- hormones bad for sexual function
- serotonin, norepi
- renal changes in pregnancy
- size increase, RBF increase, GFR increase, serum creat BUN and uric acid decrease
- bladder neck controlled by which nerve
- pudendal nerve
- neuro changes of menopause
- short term memory, sleep disturbance, fatigue, irritability
- secondary studies in evaluation of infertility
- ovarian reserve testing, antisperm ab test, endometrial receptivity assay, ART
- the corpus luteum is formed by enlarged...
- granulosa cells
- bladder contraction caused by which nerve
- pelvic nerve (PNS)
- vaginal bleeding within first 12 weeks of pregnancy
- threatened abortion
- stage A testicular cancer
- confined to testis
- surfactant that destroys sperm cell membrane
- nonoxynol-9
- converts andro to estrone
- PKA
- HPV is what type of virus
- dsDNA
- drug for ovulation induction
- clomid
- if AFP is elevated, what is it definitely NOT
- seminoma
- malodorous yellow-green discharge with itch (from vagina)
- T. vaginalis
- ASC-US found. next step
- HPV DNA testing
- you find LSIL. what now
- observation with repeat cytology and colposcopy at 6 month intervals
- grey homogenous discharge, alkaline, with fishy odor on KOH...
- bacterial vaginosis
- complications of gonorrhea
- bacteremia, vesicular necrotic skin lesions, arthritis
- highest oxygen content coming into fetal heart
- ductus venosus and left hepatic vein
- risk factors for ectopic pregnancy
- STD, PID, cervical dysplasia, ART
- components of active testosterone
- free T and albumin-bound T
- E2 acts centrally on FSH as a...
- negative feedback mechanism
- cardinal movements of the fetus in cephalic presentation
- engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation
- functions of DHT
- facial and body hair, acne, scalp hair loss, prostate growth
- abscess at introitus
- bartholin's gland abscess
- mechanism of HPV leading to cervical neoplasia
- E6-E7 oncoprotein negates p53 suppressor activity
- lower 1/3 of vagina is derived from
- ectoderm
- AUB vulvar/vaginal lesions include...
- carcinoma, trauma, foreign body, pessaries
- epididymis anterior, horizontal lie to testis, high in scrotal sac, tender
- testicular torsion
- LH in menopause
- high
- aka genital warts
- condyloma accuminatum
- what percent of LSIL regresses
- 50-75
- steroids for immune suppression are produced by (during pregnancy)
- decidualized endometrium
- elevated bHCG or AFP strongly suggests
- NSGCT
- what type of spermatogonia enter meiosis
- type b
- important infection causing toxic shock syndrome in vaginal misoprostol users
- clostridium sordelli
- most common STD in US
- HPV
- the most cost effective long term form of contraception
- vasectomy
- lymph node to evaluate for vulvar carcinoma
- inguinal node
- past medical problems that can lead to infertility in a man
- cancer, respiratory, CF, diabetes, MS, pituitary tumor
- percentage of women with a 28 day cycle
- 15%
- treatment of herpes simplex
- acyclovir
- pulmonary changes in pregnancy
- O2 consumption up, tidal volume increased, insp capacity increased, vital capacity same, FRC and residual volume decreased
- markers of endodermal sinus tumor
- AFP, Schiller-Duval bodies
- oocyte aging results in problems with...
- mitochondria, microtubules, spindle formation
- perimenopause/climacteric phase
- 2-4 yrs
- most common population for germ cell tumors, malig or benign
- pre- and peripubertal females
- unilateral enlarged tender mass
- granulomatous orchitis
- maternal immune response to conceptus is regulated by
- trophoblast (not endometrium)
- indications for ERT/HRT
- symptom control, bleeding control, osteoporosis prevention
- 3 muscles of continence in women
- vaginal muscularis, urethral sphincter, levator ani muscles
- the sertoli cell responds to which hormones
- FSH and testosterone
- radial scar: bilateral or unilateral
- bilateral in half
- characteristic cell of HPV
- koilocyte
- treatment of late stage cervical carcinoma
- radiation
- fetal IVC receives blood from
- ductus venosus, portal vein, hepatic veins
- what percentage of fibroadenomas are multiple
- 25
- why does hematocrit decrease in pregnancy
- plasma volume increases more than RBC volume
- type of Ig that crosses placenta
- IgG
- symptoms preceding menses
- molimina
- infections of the fetus
- TORCH, group B strep, vaginal pathogens
- peristalsis in ejaculation is most rapid in what phase
- climax
- mass that illuminates, posterior to testis
- spermatocele
- what does not occur with a follicular cyst
- ovulation
- decidua
- endometrial glands and stroma
- pO2 in pregnancy
- high - gradient for baby
- combined hypogonadism
- decreased GnRH pulsatility plus decreased leydig cell response
- part of brain to MRI for evaluation of amenorrhea
- sella turcica
- reasons frailer follicles drop out
- less FSH, less aromatase, less E2, less granulosa cell prolif, increased androgens
- PDE11 inhibition
- muscle, heart, testis, pituitary
- made from 17-OH pregnenolone in the theca cell
- DHEA
- treatment of mastitis
- antibiotics w/ or without drainage
- products of conception expelled, cervical os closed, minimal bleeding
- complete abortion
- evaluation of mastitis
- ultrasound
- serous tumors of low malignant potential
- no destructive stromal invasion
- single umbilical artery especially causes what types of abnormalities
- renal and cardiac
- definition of infertility does not include...
- pregnancy loss
- treatment of endometrial CA
- radiation, progesterone
- most common breast neoplasm in adolescents and young women
- fibroadenoma
- risk factors for cervical neoplasia
- age at first intercourse, number of sex partners, smoking, HIV, DM, HPV
- in what situation is estrogen alone (no progesterone needed) ok
- post-hysterectomy
- contraindications to ERT
- breast CA, acute liver dz, chronic liver problems, ER+ tumors, thromboembolic dz, fibroids, undiagnosed abnormal bleeding
- problem with granulosa cells that may lead to compromised ovarian reserve
- decreased inhibin B to suppress FSH
- prototype of HPV pathology
- condyloma
- treatments for dyspareunia
- lubricants, local estrogen, surgical exploration, counseling
- estrogen receptor on bone
- ER beta
- most common invasive carcinoma of the breast
- invasive ductal carcinoma
- lifetime risk of ovarian cancer
- 1 in 70
- ERT decreases risk of
- osteoporosis, colon cancer
- testosterone feeds back where
- pituitary
- functions of hCG
- maintain CL by progesterone production, stimulate placental and adrenal steroidogenesis, immunosuppression, thyrotropic
- curative treatment for seminoma
- external radiation
- definition of menopause
- one year of amenorrhea
- ulcer on erythematous base
- herpes simplex
- methods to determine ovulation
- calendar, basal body temperature, cervical mucus
- time required for sperm production
- 74-90 days
- percreta
- full thickness of myometrial penetration
- made from androstenedione in the granulosa cell
- estrone
- common mets from invasive ductal carcinoma
- axilla, bone, brain, liver, lungs
- hot flashes coincide with what
- LH pulses
- actions of benzothiaphenes (raloxifene)
- mixed agonist/antagonist, prevent osteoporosis, decrease LDL, promote hot flashes, no effect on breast
- continuous UI is suggestive of what
- fistula
- responsible for breakdown of cGMP
- PDE5
- made from DHEA in the theca cell
- androstenedione
- <5yo, red-tan grape clusters
- sarcoma botryoides
- tadalafil
- cialis
- testosterone in menopause
- normal
- progesterone suppresses new follicular growth by acting at...
- hypothalamus and ovary
- firbrocystic disease treatment
- NSAIDs, OCP, primrose, yam
- hypercoagulability in pregnancy due to
- increase in fibrinogen, factors 7 8 9 10
- how many hours after ovulation is egg receptive
- 12
- things to do when taking sexual history
- simple clear language, ask permission to discuss, legitimize concerns
- cytotrophoblast
- villous structural support
- annual conceptions in USA
- 10 million
- pap smear is what kind of test (diag or screening)
- screening only
- asherman's syndrome results from disruption of what endometrial layer
- basalis
- the main difference in OCPs is in what
- type of progesterone
- MOA of acyclovir
- inhibit thymidine kinase
- maternal death in the USA
- 8/100,000
- treatments of chlamydia
- azithromycin, EES, doxycycline, ofloxacin
- FSH in menopause
- high
- percentage of infants born prematurely
- 12
- rapidly enlarging CL cyst
- hemorrhagic corpus luteum
- medical therapy for UI
- muscarinic blockers
- blood from the RV leaves through the
- ductus arteriosus
- increased SHBG causes a decrease in
- free T
- diagnosis of leimyoma
- ultrasound, MRI, CBC (but pelvic exam first)
- vardenafil
- levitra
- sildenafil
- viagra
- incessant ovulation is a sign of
- ovarian carcinoma
- common component of mixed germ cell tumors
- embryonal carcinoma
- risk of carcinoma with radial scar?
- none
- anovulation, obesity, hirsutism, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism
- PCOS
- treatment for epididymitis caused by STD
- tetracycline, ceftriaxone, quinolones
- elevated AFP in a man
- yolk sac tumor, pure embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma
- mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome is absence of what
- uterus and vagina
- 35 yo white woman unilateral nipple discharge
- intraductal papilloma
- pregnant woman with breast cancer...how long to delay chemo
- 2nd trimester
- erection mediated by which nerves
- s2-s4
- poorly defined immunosuppressive protein released by corpus luteum in response to PAF-like substance and blastocyst
- EPF
- regulator of spermatogenesis
- sertoli cell
- artery responsible for erection
- central artery
- which clotting factors remain the same in pregnancy
- 2, 5, 12
- hormonal treatments for AUB
- OCP, HRT, cyclic progesterone, thyroid replacement, bromocriptine
- early coitarche, multiple partners, tobacco use, HPV, immunosuppression, STDs
- cervical dysplasia
- klinefelter's syndrome
- XYY
- michigan abortion rules
- 24 hr wait, parental consent for minors, ban on public funding, gag rule
- thyroid dysfxn leads to AUB through...
- increased TRH, PRL release, DA release (DA and PRL inhibit GnRH pulsatility)
- is embryonic tissue in contact with maternal blood stream
- no, only trophoblast, which is extra-embryonic
- loss of rete pegs on vulva
- lichen sclerosis
- secondary amenorrhea is no menses for how many months
- 3
- most common cause of dyspareunia over 50
- vulvovaginal atrophy
- functions of estradiol
- bone formation, breast tissue
- percent of couples who will experience repro difficulties
- 25%
- what percent of pregnancies end in abortion
- 25
- changes in total T3 and T4 in pregnancy
- increased due to estrogen-mediated increase in TBG
- outer layer of the trophoblast
- syncytiotrophoblast
- heavier than normal menstrual flow may be due to...
- incomplete shedding of endometrial lining
- OCPs increase the risk of what STD
- chlamydia
- surgical treatment for stress incontinence
- retropubic suspension
- paget's disease of the breast is associated in 95% of cases with
- underlying carcinoma
- causes of HPO axis dysfunction
- thryroid dysfunction, hyperprolactinemia, stress, exercise changes
- effect of turner's syndrome on ovary
- ovarian failure
- seminal emission is mediated by which nerves
- t10-L2
- abnormal bleeding at menopause due to what
- fluctuations in estrogen, irregular ovulation, disordered proliferation of endometrium
- type of disorder more prevalent in women
- depression and anxiety
- phenotypic female XY with absent mullerian system is at risk for what cancer
- testicular cancer
- treatment of bacterial vaginosis
- metronidazole or clindamycin
- most common cause of CBAVD
- single CFTR mutation
- immature squamous cells on wet prep, itching and burning, low estrogen
- atrophic vaginitis
- treatment of DCIS
- excise with 3mm margin, then do radiation
- most common reasons patients wont talk to doctor about sexual issues
- physican doesnt have time, embarrassment, thought no treatment available
- targetoid inclusions
- CMV
- causes of cervical inflammation
- increased estradiol, increased glycogen storage, lactobacillus, streptococcus, e.coli, anaerobes, acidic pH, squamous metaplasia
- percentage of men with some type of ED
- 50
- limit to filling of penis
- tunica albuginea
- false negative rate of pap smear
- 20%
- irregular menstrual intervals, excessive flow and duration
- metrorrhagia
- sertoli only syndrome
- germ cell aplasia due to gonadotropin deficiency, cryptorchidism, estrogen therapy, chemotherapy
- common location for lesions of endometriosis
- dependent portions of the pelvis
- epididymitis etiology
- retrograde infection from vas deferens
- secretions of the sertoli cell
- ABP, inhibin
- treatment of intraductal papilloma
- excise affected duct
- WBC and platelet counts in pregnancy
- WBC up, platelets down
- oral contraceptives reduce the risk of
- ovarian carcinoma
- stage B testicular cancer
- spread to nodes in the retroperitoneum
- treatment of gonorrhea
- ceftriaxone and doxycycline
- requirements for a sexual dysfunction diagnossis
- persistent or recurrent problem, causes personal distress
- diagnosis of fat necrosis
- excisional biopsy
- complications of testosterone replacement, worst with injection
- polycythemia, sleep apnea, hepatotox, prostate disease, low sperm, lower HDL, edema, gynecomastia
- surgical abortion - normally inpatient or outpatient
- outpatient
- aromatase activity is inhibited by...
- androgens
- predisposing factors for yeast infection
- DM, pregnancy, antibiotics, obesity
- percentage of couples unable to concieve after 1 yr
- 15-20%
- 90% of all germ cell tumors have what chromosomal abnormality
- isochromosome 12
- increased LH receptors on granulosa cells of the lead follicle are due to...
- FSH
- only view of internal tubal anatomy
- hysterosalpingogram
- treatment for epididymitis caused by gram negative enterics
- SMX-TMP, quinolones
- neonatal conjunctivitis, blindness, pneumonitis
- chlamydia
- why no alpha blockers with viagra
- synergistic effect
- adenocarcinoma of the cervix assoc with what HPV
- 18
- aromatase activity is enhanced by...
- low androgens
- zygote implants as
- blastocyst
- treatment for LCIS or ADH
- wire localization excisional biopsy, no margins needed
- you find a varicocele only on the right side. what next
- workup for retroperitoneal mass
- enzyme that aids in dispersing cumulus cells
- hyaluronidase
- etiology of mastitis
- staph aureus or strep
- E2 acts on FSH receptor of granulosa cell as a...
- positive feedback mechanism (synergistic)
- what is more important to assess in a man, LH or FSH
- LH
- projectile ejaculation is skeletal muscle, innervated by
- pudendal nerve
- corpus luteum cyst causes what
- prolonged luteal phase
- a physiological response of hormones, nervous system, and vascular system
- arousal
- amount of flow dependent upon what
- how rapid the endometrium sheds
- mass that illuminates, anterior to testis
- hydrocele
- treatment of phyllodes tumor
- excision with 1cm margin, radiation if chest wall involved, axillary node dissection NOT indicated
- gynecomastia associated with what conditions
- hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis, renal failure, pulmonary malignancy, testicular tumors
- bleeding and clotting time in pregnancy
- normal
- site of sperm storage
- cauda of the epididymis
- FSH decreased in pregnancy due to
- estrogen, hCG, prolactin negative fdbk
- AUB systemic causes
- bleeding disorder, hepatic failure, renal failure
- drugs that may cause ED
- antihypertensives, antidepressants, antihistamines, anti-androgens, h2 blockers, 5a reductase inhibitors, statins
- clue cells indicate...
- bacterial vaginosis
- RAA in pregnancy
- different set point, works same
- sexual health concerns are more common in...
- women (43% vs 31%)
- medical abortion: day two
- misoprostol orally
- progesterone level during LH surge is...
- low
- funisitis
- inflammation of the umbilical cord
- treatments for PMS
- prostaglandin inhibitors, SSRI, OCP
- changes in aging men
- serum testosterone declines, decrease in t clearance, increase in SHBG, decline in leydig cell count
- most common cause of infertility
- ovulation defects
- most common GYN malignancy
- endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma
- persistent or recurrent pain with attempted or complete vaginal entry
- dyspareunia
- patient is diagnosed with CIN I. likely outcome?
- regression within one year
- penile NOS depends on what hormone
- testosterone (androgens)
- what types of bone lost in menopause
- cortical and trabecular
- spontaneous abortion is most often due to
- implantation site failure
- persistent difficulty to allow vaginal entry
- vaginismus
- what is the amniotic sac composed of
- fetal cells
- which findings on pap smear will lead to the need for colposcopy
- LSIL, HSIL, carcinoma
- treatment of T.vaginalis
- metronidazole
- amnion
- lining of the surrounding sac
- type of contraception that can be used during menses
- diaphragm
- risk of infrapubic approach to penile surgery
- injury to dorsal penile nerve
- 50x more likely to develop testicular cancer with...
- cryptorchidism
- 30 day recall of sexual stuff
- profile of female sexual functions (PFSF)
- strict criteria for sperm eval
- 20 mil/ml, 50% motility, 15% not ****ed up, no WBCs or antibodies
- antimetabolite to stop pregnancy growth
- methotrexate
- risk factors for endometrial cancer
- obesity, htn, DM, anovulation, nulligravid, tamoxifen
- chorionic villi
- placental connection to fetal circulation
- the level of what hormone is a good indicator of spermatogenesis
- FSH
- LCIS has risk of
- DCIS
- hormone that rescues next dominant follicle from atresia
- FSH
- absence of feelings of sexual arousal, but signs of physical response still occur
- subjective sexual arousal disorder
- overflow UI
- urgency or stress incontinence, poor emptying function
- how are most LCIS found
- incidentally
- pCO2 in pregnancy
- low - gradient for baby
- you find HSIL. what now
- treat. LEEP or cone biopsy, laser ablation, cryotherapy
- LH and FSH stimulate what second messenger
- cAMP
- embryonic demise, no POC passed
- missed abortion
- what hormones do you screen for when evaluating a man for infertility
- FSH, LH, T, PRL
- what is spermiogenesis
- maturation of spermatids to spermatozoa
- menstrual interval greater than 35 days
- oligomenorrhea
- primary hypogonadism
- testicular failure
- sertoli-leydig tumors most common in what age group
- <30
- risk of vaginal infection in menopause is due to
- increase in pH
- LH is high and FSH is low in anovulatory woman. suspect...
- PCOS
- rapidly expanding breast mass
- cystosarcoma phyllodes
- CL is maintained by this hormone
- bHCG
- first step if you suspect vaginal carcinoma
- biopsy
- non-hormonal treatments for AUB
- NSAIDs, iron
- presentations of chlamydia
- cervicitis, salpingitis, urethritis
- treatments for vulvodynia
- TCA, venlafaxine, carbamazapine, gabapentin, pelvic floor exercises
- meigs syndrome
- ovarian fibroma, ascites, pleural effusion
- most common ovarian tumor
- dermoid cyst
- functions of testosterone
- muscle mass, skeletal growth, speratogenesis, sexual function
- IVF indications in a man
- mild to moderate problem not responding to treatment, severe problems untreatable, antisperm antibodies, or failed vasovasectomy
- risk factors for ovarian cancer
- family hx, personal hx of breast cancer, nulliparity, talc, obesity
- regular menstrual intervals, excessive flow and duration
- menorrhagia
- peak incidence of endometrial polyps
- 40-49
- muscles of extrinsic urethral support
- vaginal muscularis and levator ani
- microcalcifications on mammogram
- DCIS
- weekly diary to measure intercourse activity
- sexual activity log
- zygote reaches uterine cavity as
- morula
- mean age for vaginal carcinoma
- 65
- elevated hCG in a man
- choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, seminoma
- sequence of events during implantation
- apposition, adherence, implantation
- 37 yo female pain in both breasts, esp with menses
- fibrocystic changes
- binding protein for testosterone
- SHBG (60%) and albumin (38%)
- hallmark lesion of pre-ecclampsia
- fibrinoid necrosis of maternal decidual vasculature
- syncytiotrophoblast
- produce hCG, maintain CL
- evaluation of normal ovulation: qualitative (was it normal) - what do you look at?
- timed mid-luteal P4 level
- monochorionic-monoamnionic
- split past day 8, high risk of fetal malformation
- hGH in pregnancy
- decreased. hPL may have negative fdbk
- incidence of spontaneous abortion
- 10-20%
- herpes simplex is what kind of virus
- dsDNA
- effects of androgens in men
- lean body mass, low fat mass, increase muscle strength
- what component of T drops the most in aging men
- free T
- types of receptors on granulosa cell
- FSH, LH
- rapidly enlarging pelvic mass in child, elevated AFP
- yolk sac tumor
- treatment of osteoporosis
- bisphosphonates, SERMs
- luteinization of granulosa cells leads to production of...
- progesterone
- most common MALIGNANT germ cell tumor of the ovary
- dysgerminoma
- irregular breast mass without discrete borders
- fat necrosis
- what congenital infertility problems are NOT assoc with CFTR mutation
- wolffian duct anomaly, renal aplasia, renal ectopia
- dilation of cervix, vaginal bleeding, products visible
- inevitable abortion
- leading causes of death from abortion
- anesthetic complications, infection, hemorrhage
- first trimester glucose in mother
- low - hyperinsulinemia
- increta
- deep myometrium
- more difficult to determine fertile period when...
- coming off OCPs, extremes of repro life, recent childbirth or breastfeeding, irregular menses
- impaired sexual arousal from genital stimulation, but subjective sexual excitement still occurs from non-genital stimuli
- genital sexual arousal disorder
- is trophoblast fetal or placental
- placental
- medical abortion: day one
- 3 mifepristone tablets, Rh Ig
- respiratory acidosis or alkalosis in pregnancy
- alkalosis
- muscular problems of continence in women - loss of support where
- bladder and urethra
- how many hours to get semen sample to lab if taken at home
- 1
- percentage of adults who want to discuss sexual function with doctor
- 85%
- breast cancer drug that increases risk of uterine cancer
- tamoxifen
- site of sperm maturation
- caput and corpus of the epididymis
- intermediate trophoblast
- establishes vascular interface between decidua and placenta
- what does the chorion frondosum become
- placenta
- innervation of the urethra
- sympa, parasympa, somatic
- absence of menses for 3-6 in previously ovulatory woman
- secondary amenorrhea
- fibrocystic disease: unilateral or bilateral
- bilateral
- most common cause of obstructive azoospermia
- vasectomy
- inhibin feeds back where
- pituitary
- role of progesterone in HT
- protect endometrium
- preferred method of evaluating adnexal structures
- ultrasound
- insulin resistance in pregnancy
- caused by hPL, increased cortisol, progesterone, estrogen, insulinase
- endometriosis affects what percent of women with infertility
- 30-50%
- how to diagnose semen infection
- round cells using peroxidase stain
- are most germ cell tumors single or mixed histology
- mixed
- glucosuria in pregnancy is normal, resulting from
- increased GFR
- most crucial time for infant being born/not born
- 24-28 wks
- estrogen in menopause
- none
- no bleed with progesterone challenge indicates...
- low estrogen
- inner layer of the trophoblast
- cytotrophoblast
- HPV+ or repeat ASC-US after 6-12 months
- colposcopy
- transformation zone change in menopause
- higher up in cervix
- what percent of HSIL progresses to cancer
- 30-50