Gram (-) rods
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- Lethal toxin of Bordatella pertussis (Whooping Cough)
- Dermonecrotic toxin: local necrosis
- action of pertussis toxin
- ADP ribosylation of Gi; increased adenylate cyclase & cAMP
- 3 stages of pertussis intoxication:
- Catarrhal, Paroxysmal (most infectious), Convalescent
- which one isn't characteristic of pertussis--increase in cGMP, hypoglycemia, increase in phagocytosis, increase in cAMP?
- increase in cGMP
- Growth rqs presence of Factors X (heme) and V (NAD)
- Hemophilus Influenza
- 1 yr old infant w/ neck rigidity, seizures, Culture reveals Gram (-) bug that requires follows an URTI (strain B)and exhibits satellitism. Suspect?
- Hemophilus influenza
- Alcoholic w/ currant jeylly sputum, upper lobe inflammation, culture shows no motility. suspect?
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Virulence factor- monotricous flagella
- Legionella pneumophilia (LegionaireÂ’s Disease)
- Has adhesions, invasions, flagella (motility/chemotaxis), exoenzyme S, exotoxin A, LPS, hemolysins, antiphagocytic properties (capsule, slime, LPS), Pyoverdin, has glycocalyx
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Normal colonization of Bacteroides fragilis is found where?
- colon
- Normal colonization of Cornybacteria diptheria is found where?
- throat epithelium
- Coastal traveller presents with bloddy diarrhea. Culture shows Lac (+) bugs
- E. coli
- Coastal traveller presents with bloody diarrhea. Culture shows Lac (-) colonies. suspect?
- Shigella
- Bug that produces "traveller's diarrhea;" the famous Montezuma's revenge:
- E. coli--ETEC
- Bug that produces HUS, produces shiga-like toxin (verotoxin), and inhibits protein synthesis by attacking the 60S ribosome
- EHEC--E. coli 0157:H7
- epithelial invasive bacteria that produces shiga-like toxin and colonizes Lac (+).
- E. coli--EIEC
- Diagnosis of Enterobacteriaceae generalities:
- Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar (inhibits Gram [+]), MacConkey agar (bile salts inhibit Gram [+])
- Virulence of Enterobacteriaceae generalities:
- Antigens O (outer LPS), K (capsule), & H (flagella)
- Virulence of Escherichia coli:
- K & H antigens, siderophores, adhesins, fimbriae (pili)
- Toxins of Escherichia coli:
- LT (cAMP), ST (cGMP), shiga-like toxin
- Treatment of Escherichia coli:
- Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones
- Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae:
- cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin
- Toxins of Shigella dysenteriae:
- shiga-toxin (inhibits 60S ribosome, protein synthesis)
- Treatment of Shigella dysenteriae:
- Fluoroquinolones, Trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin
- Virulence of Vibrio cholerae:
- H antigen, mucinase, fimbriae, non-invasive
- Toxins of Vibrio cholerae:
- Choleragen (increases cAMP)
- Treatment for Vibrio cholerae:
- replace fluids, doxycycline, fluoroquinolone
- Diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae:
- Flat yellow colonies: thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose agar (TCBS), dark fluid microscopy of stool
- Virulence of of Vibrio parahaemolyticus:
- H antigen, capsule
- Toxins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus:
- hemolytic cytotoxin
- Diagnosis of of Vibrio parahaemolyticus:
- thiosulfate & bile salts
- Treatment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus:
- Fluoroquinolone, Erythromycin
- Virulence of Campylobacter jejuni:
- H antigen, invasive
- Toxins of Campylobacter jejuni:
- enterotoxin, cytotoxin
- Treatment of Campylobacter jejuni:
- Fluoroquinolone, Erythromycin
- Diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni:
- Microscopic Gram (-) curved motile rods, selective media at 42 degrees C.
- Treatment of H. pylori:
- Bismuth, ampicillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline; or clarithromycin and omeprazole
- Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
- H antigen, hemolysin, collagenase, elastase, fibrinolysin, phospholipase C, DNAase, antiphagocytic capsule
- Toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
- Exotoxin A
- Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
- Ticarcillin, Timentin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin, Mezlocillin, Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Tobramycin, Aztreonam
- Diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
- fruity-smelling metallic green colonies on blood agar