digestion part 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- what chops off the last amino acids and ignores identity?
- carboxypeptidase
- what does cholecystokinin stimulate?
- release of bile
- basic functional unit of the liver?
- hepatic lobule
- what are hepatic sinusoids?
- leaky capillaries
- what breaks up peptide chains to individual amino acids?
- trypsin
- what protects the hepatic duct?
- sphincter of odie
- whatglands line the pancreas?
- islets of langerhans
- fluid that contains amylase
- serous fluid
- fluid that produces stringy substance that binds and acts as a lubricant
- mucus or mucin
- largest salivary gland
- parotid
- secretions of the parotid salivary gland drain through what?
- stensen's ducts or parotid ducts
- secretes primarily serous cells, but some mucins
- submandibular salivary glands
- submandibular secretions drain through what?
- wharton's ducts or submandibular ducts
- smallest of salivary glands
- sublingual
- where do secretions of sublingual salivary gland drain
- sublingual ducts or rivinus ducts
- what does salivca contain
- IgA immunoglobulins and lysozymes
- what is the function of saliva
- control population of oral bacteria
- structure that contains secretory cells of mucous glands
- lamina propria
- naroow band of smooth muscles
- muscularis mucosae
- network of nerves and scattered neurons
- plexus of meissner or submucosal plexus
- layer of dense connective tissue, contains smooth muscles, scattered lymphoid tissue, nerve endings, lymphatic and blood vessels
- lamina propria
- visceral peritoneum is also called what
- serosa
- most extensive of the stores bile and concentrates it by absorbing water of ions
- gallbladder
- guards common bile duct and pancreatic duct
- sphincter of oddi
- the condition of having gallstones
- choletitiasis
- condition of enlarged gallstones
- chlecystitis
- surgery to remove large gallstones
- cholycystectomy
- intestinal hormone that stimulates gallbladder contraction, relaxes the sphincter, and squirt bile to small intestine
- cholecystokinin
- what are the permanent transverse folds
- plicae
- T/F: defecation is voluntary
- FALSE: both voluntary and involuntary
- what is the function of plicae
- increase surface area for absorption
- sphincter of oddi remains contracted unless what happens?
- stimulated by cholecystokinin
- crystals of insoluble minerals and salts
- gallstones
- what triggers release of cholecystokinin
- presence of protein and fat in small intestine
- what are the divisions of the large intestine
- cecumn and colon
- specialized secretory cells deep in crypts of lieberkuhn
- paneth cells
- both an endocrine and exocrine gland, but primarily endocrine producing digestive enzymes and buffers
- pancreas
- what is the duct from the pancreas to the duodenum
- duct of wirsung
- located outside duodenal ampulla, may branch from the pancreatic duct independently
- duct of sartorini
- enzyme that splits molecules of starch or glycogen into disaccharides
- pancreatic alpha amylase or carbohydrase
- breaks down nucleic acids to nucleotides
- nucleases
- in the process of being hydrolized, polypeptides become what?
- oligopeptides
- what is the largest gland in the body
- liver
- liver is enclosed by a fibrous capsule covered by what
- visceral peritoneum
- typically, the liver has what 4 lobes
- left lobe, right lobe, caudate, and quadrate
- seperates right and left loves of liver
- falciform ligament
- fibrous remnant of fetal umbilical vein that runs along the falciform ligament
- round ligament of ligamentum teres
- functional units of the liver
- hepatic lobules
- leaky capillaries that seperate hepatocytes
- hepatic sinusoids
- large phagocytic cells in hepatic sinusoids
- hepatic macrophages or kupffer cells
- remove bacteria and foreign bodies that gain entrance through the portal vein
- hepatic sinusoids
- brings newly absorbed nutrients into the sinusoids and nourishes hepatocytes
- portal vein
- what are the major funtions of liver
- carbhydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and protein metabolism
- where is cholesterol synthesized
- liver
- liver stores glycogen, iron, and what vitamins
- A, D, E, K, AND B12
- component of bile for emulsification
- lecithin
- contains water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and various electrolytes
- bile
- what are the 2 components of bile pigment
- bilirubin and biliverdin
- in the process of enterohepatic circulation, what happens to bile salts
- they are conserved, reabsorbed and distributed back to liver for synthesis of new bile
- what layer is the plexus of nerves in
- submucosa
- in carbohydrate digestion, what are the enzymes involved
- maltase make 2 glucose molecules, sucrase makes glucose and fuctose, and lactase make glucose and 1 galactose [G-G,G-F,G-G]
- 2 ways epithelium absorbs monosaccharides
- facilitated diffusion and contransport mechanism
- means of monosaccharide absorption that requires no energy and moves one molecule or ion at a time
- facilitated diffusion
- means of monosaccharide absorption that uses energy and moves more than one molecule or ion at a time--CAN OCCUR ANY TIME
- contransport mechanism
- enzymes that break triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides
- lingual and pancreatic lipase
- large molecule created when coated with protein; it's absorbed by lacteal when goes to blood stream
- chylomicrons
- in protein digestion and absorption, what is the most important enzyme?
- caroxypeptidase
- what are micelles
- lipid-bile salt complexes
- main function of liver
- filter and process nutrient-rich blood delivered to it
- removes amino acids from end of polypeptide (amino end)
- amino peptidase
- splits dipeptides and releases last 2 amino acids
- dipeptidase
- two types of vitamin absorption
- fat and water soluble
- where are minerals absorbed?
- along entire length of small intestine
- what are lymphatic capillaries that are more permeable than blood capillaries
- lacteals
- forms and stores feces until defecation occurs
- large intestine
- synthesizes b complex vitamins and most of vitamin k in liver
- bacterial flora
- collects and stores chyme and begins process of compaction
- cecum
- largest portion of large intestine
- colon
- 3 longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle in the colon
- teniae coli
- when teniae coli contract, they form pouches known as
- haustra
- inner anal sphincter is made of what?
- smooth muscles
- external anal sphincter is made of
- skeletal muscles