Drugs - Gastrointestinal Agents
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- Which quadrant of the abdomen does the stomach lie in?
- the upper left quadrant
- What are the 2 chemicals that break down food in the stomach?
- Hycrochloric acid and Pepsinogen
- What is chyme?
- the semi-liquid form of food entering the duodenum
- What is meant by perstalsis?
- it is the wave-like motion that moves food along the intestinal tract
- How long are the small and large intestine together?
- about 28 feet
- Where does most food absorption occur?
- the small intestine
- What is Pepsin?
- a normally present gastric enzyme that breaks down proteins
- Is it possible for the digestive system to break down protein molecules into amino acids w/o pepsin?
- yes, using proteolytic enzymes
- Where are proteolytic enzymes made and then found?
- made in the pancreas, found in the small intestine
- What are proteolytic enzymes capable of breaking down?
- starches and fats
- What are 2 diseases that would require enzyme therapy?
- cystic fibrosis and chronic pancreatitis
- What is pancreatin made from?
- hog pancreas
- What is steatorrhea?
- where fat is inadequately digested and is excreted in large amounts in feces
- What can steatorrhea be treated with?
- pancrelipase
- What do Antiperstalsis drugs do?
- they slow the movement of the intestinal contents to allow for greater water and electroyte absorption
- What type of drug is Loperamide?
- an antiperstalsis agent
- What type of drug is Dephenoxylate w/ atropine?
- an antidiarrheal
- What is the generic name for Pepto-Bismol?
- Bismuth subsalicylate
- How does Pepto-Bismol work?
- prevents organisms from attaching to the intestinal mucosa and may deactivate certain toxins as well
- What is a major concern with prolonged vomiting?
- dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
- What are antacids generally composed of?
- inorganic salts, such as calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide
- How do antacids work?
- they neutralize existing acid
- What type of drug is Cimetidine?
- a histamine blocker used to treat and prevent ulcers and GERD
- How does a histamine receptor antagonist work?
- it inhibits the secretion of gastric acid by blocking the effects of histamine
- How does a bulk forming laxative work?
- it swells as it mixes with intestinal contents
- How does a stimulant laxative work?
- irritates the lining and nerves of the intestine
- How does a saline laxative work?
- rapidly promotes watery stool by drawing water into the intestine
- How does an osmotic laxative work?
- increases the stool's water content using osmosis
- How does a stool softener work?
- it promotes the mixing of fatty and watery intestinal substances to soften the stool's contents
- What is the brand name for Docusate Sodium and what type of drug is it?
- Colace, commonly ordered stool softener
- What is the brand name for Lactulose and what type of drug is it?
- Chronulac Syrup, commonly prescribed saline laxative
- What type of drug is Zantac?
- a histamine blocker used to treat and prevent ulcers and also treats GERD
- What is the generic name for Zantac?
- Ranitidine
- What is the brand name for Ranitidine?
- Zantac
- What type of drug is Aciphex?
- a PPI used to treat ulcers, GERD, erosive esophagitis, or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- What is the generic name for Aciphex?
- Rabeprazole
- What is the brand name for Rabeprazole?
- Aciphex
- What type of drug is Prevacid?
- a PPI used to treat ulcers, GERD, erosive esophagitis, or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- What is the generic name for Prevacid?
- Lansoprazole
- What is the brand name for Lansoprazole?
- Prevacid
- What type of drug is Protonix?
- a PPI used to treat ulcers, GERD, erosive esophagitis, or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a rare disorder that causes tumors in the pancreas and duodenum and ulcers in the stomach and duodenum. The tumors secrete a hormone called gastrin that causes the stomach to produce too much acid, which in turn causes stomach and duodenal ulcers (peptic ulcers).
- What is the generic name for Protonix?
- Pantoprazole
- What is the brand name for Pantoprazole?
- Protonix
- What type of drug is Nexium?
- a PPI used to treat heartburn, or GERD
- What is the generic name for Nexium?
- Esomeprazole
- What type of drug is Prilosec?
- a PPI used to treat ulcers, heartburn, GERD, or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It works by blocking acid production in the stomach
- What is the generic name for Prilosec?
- Omeprazole
- What is the brand name for Omeprazole?
- Prilosec
- What type of drug is Allopurinol?
- a hyperuricemic agent used to treat gout and to prevent certain kidney stones from reforming
- What type of drug is Promethazine?
- a phenothiazine used to treat or prevent nausea, vomiting, or motion sickness
- What type of drug is Metoclopramide?
- a gastrointestinal stimulant used to treat GERD and erosions/ulcers of the esophagus
- What type of drug is Detrol LA?
- an antimuscarinic agent used to treat overactive bladder
- What is the brand name for Exomeprazole?
- Nexium
- What type of drug contains the stem -setron in the name?
- serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
- What do Serotonin 5-HT3 Antagonists typically treat?
- usually treats nausea and vomitting due to chemotherapy