All-State Band Terms
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- tutti
- all, with all performers
- Gflat Major
- 6 flats
- forte
- loud
- mosso or moto
- moved, motion
- tacet
- be silent
- largemente
- broadly
- piu
- more
- vivo, vivace
- very fast and intense
- giusto
- exact, appropriate
- e minor
- 1 sharp
- rallentando
- becoming slower
- quasi
- almost, as if
- troppo
- too much
- maestoso
- with dignity
- dsharp minor
- 6 sharps
- molto
- much, very
- diminuendo
- becoming softer
- sans or senza
- without
- andante
- moderately slow
- mezzo piano
- medium soft
- fsharp minor
- 3 sharps
- b minor
- 2 sharps
- amoroso
- with love, with warm feeling
- pianississimo
- very, very soft
- aflat minor
- 7 flats
- giocoso
- humorous, playful
- fortississimo
- very, very loud
- interval
- pitch difference between two notes
- Chromatic Scale
- scales which proceed by half-step from the first note to the last note
- tranquillo
- quiet, peaceful
- E Major
- 4 sharps
- nuance
- subtle shading in style
- key signature
- sharps or flats placed at the beginning of a selection indicating its key
- cresendo
- becoming louder
- d minor
- 1 flat
- forzando
- a strong accent
- Cflat Major
- 7 flats
- bflat minor
- 5 flats
- con sordino
- with mute
- ritenuto
- immediately slower
- double flat
- lower by one full step
- eflat minor
- 6 flats
- sonore
- resounding, loud
- soli
- a section solo, a group of solists
- Melodic Minor Scale
- natural minor scales where the 6th and 7th scale degrees are raised one half step in the ascending form creating half steps between 2-3 and 7-8. These notes are lowered to their natural state in the descending scale, making it identical to the natural minor
- mezzo forte
- medium loud
- legato
- smooth, even, without breaks between notes
- Harmonic Minor Scales
- natural minor scales with the 7th scale degree raised a half-step. This adds a half-step between 7-8 and an interval of 1 1/2 steps between 6-7
- pesante
- weighty, ponderous
- c minor
- 3 flats
- Dflat Major
- 5 flats
- finale
- the last movement of a multi-movement work
- csharp minor
- 4 sharps
- con spirito or spiritoso
- spirited, lively
- morendo
- fading away
- bravura
- great technical skill, virtuosity
- F Major
- 1 flat
- a minor
- no sharps of flats
- espressivo
- with feeling, with expression
- adagio, lento larghetto
- slow
- unison
- together on the same part or in octaves
- con forza
- powerful, loud
- da segno
- from the sign
- staccato
- detached
- dolce
- sweet, gentle
- brillante
- sparkling, spirited
- con
- with
- subito
- suddently, at once
- pomposo
- stately, majestic
- rinforzando
- a sudden accent
- animato or con anima
- lively, animated, spirited
- Csharp Major
- 7 sharps
- poco a poco
- little by little
- grazioso
- graceful
- cadenza
- a brilliant solo, often found at the end of a movement or a piece
- sempre
- always, throughout
- divisi
- divided parts where there is normally one
- f minor
- 4 flats
- capriccioso
- fanciful, freely
- trill
- a rapid alternation between the written note and the diatonic second above it
- Natural Minor Scales
- diatonic scales with half-steps between 2-3 and 5-6
- doppio movimento
- twice as fast
- largo
- very slow
- allegretto
- moderately fast
- con fuoco
- with fire, passionately
- diatonic
- scalewise
- sforzando
- a sudden accent
- A Major
- 3 sharps
- fortissimo
- very loud
- glissando
- a glide from one note to the next
- con brio
- vigorously, with fire
- gsharp minor
- 5 sharps
- Major Scales
- diatonic scales with half-steps between 3-4 and 7-8
- G Major
- 1 sharp
- Bflat Major
- 2 flats
- ossia
- an alternative version
- meno
- less
- da capo
- from the beginning
- allegro
- fast and lively
- prestissimo
- as fast as possible
- fermata
- a pause or hold
- rubato
- free use of accel. and rit. within a measure without altering the duration of the measure as a whole
- andantino
- sligtly faster than andante
- a tempo
- return to the original tempo
- moderato
- moderate neither fast nor slow
- B Major
- 5 sharps
- asharp minor
- 7 sharps
- marcia
- march
- simile
- in the same manner
- non
- no, do not
- double sharp
- raise by one full step
- all breve
- 2/2 time, cut time
- grave
- solemn and very very slow
- allargando
- getting slower and louder
- loco
- return to normal position
- tempo
- rate of speed
- tenuto
- held, sustained
- fine
- the end
- attacca
- continue without a pause
- assai
- much, very
- decresendo
- becoming softer
- segue
- continue without pausing
- pianissimo
- very soft
- un, una, uno
- one
- C Major
- no sharps or flats
- e, ed, et
- and
- Eflat Major
- 3 flats
- cantando or cantabile
- in a singling style, lyrical
- scherzando
- playfully
- a due
- for two parts, for two parts
- etude
- a study or exercise focusing on a particular technical or musical problem
- dynamics
- the level of loudness
- solo
- a part for one performer
- D Major
- 2 shaps
- pochissimo
- as little as possible
- ad libitum or a piacere
- at pleasure, at will
- presto
- the fastest conventional tempo
- calmando or calmato
- quieting down, subsiding
- enharmonic
- a different spelling of the same pitch or chord
- affetuoso
- tenderly, with feeling
- Fsharp Major
- 6 sharps
- appassionato or passione
- passionate, fervent
- l'istesso tempo
- at the same tempo
- g minor
- 2 flats
- marcato
- accented, stressed
- piano
- soft
- Aflat Major
- 4 flats
- ritardando
- becoming slower
- accidental
- chromatic alteration of a note from the key signature until the next bar line
- stringendo
- To gradually gain energy by increasing tempo
- sordino
- mute
- sostenuto
- sustained
- coda
- a concluding passage added to the form proper
- accelerando
- gradually growing faster