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Tier I Vocabulary

Terms

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ADSL
(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
A new technology that allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines (POTS). ADSL supports data rates from 1.5 to 9mbs when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 kbps when sending data (known as the upstream rate). ADSL requires a special ADSL modem.
Bandwidth
Bandwidth refers to the range of signal frequencies that can be carried on a communications channel, measured in Hertz (Hz). The concept of bandwith is similar to a standard water pipe; bigger pipes can carry more water. The size of the pipe corresponds to the amount of bandwith, meaning that the greater bandwith you have (the greater the frequency range), the more information can be carried at one time.
Bit
A binary unit of information that is the smallest measurement of the size of information in the computing and the telecommunications industry.
Bit per second
A description of transmission speeds expressed in a variety of ways, such as bit(s) and "bps".
Byte
A group of eight bits, which combine to represent a character or measurement of memory capacity. The speed reported by Web browsers (such as microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator) and FTP software is usually in bytes per second (Bps), often in kilobytes per second (kbps).
Broadband
Broadband is a type of internet connection that includes leased lines such as T-1 lines, as well as DSL Modems, cable modems, and wireless Ethernet. Broadband technology is an always-on connection to the internet that frequently carries vast amounts of data. Broadband offersspeeds at least 10 times faster than dial-up or cellular (CDPD) connections and doesn't require any type of dialing to connect.
Client
Any computer that is requesting information from another computer connected to it through a network. A client computer can be thought of as a client in a restaurant ordering or requesting information from the server, or waiter/waitress. One computer can be both a client and a server; in fact; this frequently occurs. A program can also be referred to as a client , since it is what is actually requesting the information. An email program such as Microsoft Outlook Express is commonly referred to as an email client.
DHCP
( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A DHCP configurations on a client (end user) computer enables individual computers on a network to obtain their configurations from a server (the DHCP server). DHCP lets a network adminstrator supervise and distribute IP addresses from a central server that automically sends a new IP address when a computer is connected to the network. This eliminates the need to assign each computer its own statically assigned IP address and makes more efficient use of a limited number of IP addresses. DHCP is the defualt configuration on most operating systems.
Download
To transfer a file, image, etc. to a client computer from the server.
Downstream
Any data that is moving toward a computer - Data that is being received by a computer is traveling downstream.
DSL
(Digital Subscriber Line)

DSL is a common residential broadband connection. It assumes digital data does not require change into analog form and back. With a DSL modem, digital data is transmitted to a computer directly without conversion, which allows the telecommunications company to use a much wider bandwith for transmitting it to their customer, resulting in higher maximum data transfer rates. Typical maximum data transfer rates are generally 384 kbps for downloads and 128 kbps for uploads.
Dynamic IP Address
A dynamic IP address is one that is not manually specified but rather automatically or dynamically configured by the DHCP server.
Ethernet
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3 and 802.11b) is the most commonly implemented local area networking (LAN) technology fo corporations. Ethernet can transmit data via radio frequencies or via Cat.5 cable at speeds up to 11 mbps for wireless and up to 100 mbps for wired. An Ethernet network is a combination of computers with Ethernet network cards (wireless or wired), Cat 5 cable, Ethernet switches, access points, and usually several servers of some sort. Some older Ethernet systems used coaxial cable (same as cable TV), and some newer Ethernet networks use fiber optics.
FTP
(File Transfer Protocol)

FTP is a protocol that allows you to transfer files between any two computers on the internet, FTP allows a user on any computer to get files from or send files to another computer. Security is handled by requiring the user to specify a user name and password for the other computer.
Firewall
A firewall is a method of intercepting packets (Internet information is transmitted in data packets) that pass through an interface, such as a modem or network card, and matching each packet with a rule that tells the computer to deny, allow, or log that packet. A firewall allows greater security from outside intrusion and can limit the types of connections that are allowable.
Gateway
A gateway on a network is the computer or router that is the connection point to the internet. This is the device that usaually has the dedicated line, such as a T-1 line, connected to it. If a computer has internet access, it must have a gateway in its network configuration (unless a proxy server is being used).
HSIA
(High-speed internet access)

High speed internet access is usually defined as fractional T-1 speeds and above, which corresponds to data transfers rates of about 384 kpbs.
Internet
The internet is a collection of numerous networks worldwide, commonly referred to in two ways. The internet (lowercase i) is any collection of separate physical networks, interconnected by a common protocol, to form a single complete network. The internet (uppercase I) is the worldwide collection of interconnected networks that uses internet Protocol (IP) to the link the various physical networks into a single logical network, including the World Wide Web.
Open these when you begin your day
Morbo
Putty
GateKeeper
Email
Phone Client
IP Address
(Internet Protocol Address)

An IP Address is unique to each computer currently connected to any given network, including the internet. An IP address consists of four numbers separated by periods; each number can be up to three digits long, such as 64.134.59.2 (the digits aer between 1 and 255). All data that is transferred through the internet has a to and from IP address. The IP address specifies where each packet of data is going and where the reply data (if any) should be sent. This allows any computer connected to a given network to transfer data with any other computer connected to the same network or a connected network, such as the internet.
ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Networks)

ISDN is a technology still being developed to cover a range of voice, data, and image services. It is intended to provide end-to-end stimulaneous handling of digitized voice and data traffic on the same physical lines. Typical ISDN linesare either single or dual-band and have speeds of 64 kbps and 128 kbps respectively.
LAN
(Local Area Network)

A LAN is a data communications network that can cover a limited area of up to about six miles in radius, with moderate to high data spends. The machines linked by a LAN may all be in the same building or a group of buildings in relatively close proximity. A LAN is user-owned and and does not run over leased lines (e.g., a T-1 Line), although it might have gateways (or connection points) to the internet or other private networks.
LRE
Line Regenerating Equipment or known as Long Range Ethernet
MAC Address
Physical Address

Short for Media Access Control Address - A hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC) layer of the OSI reference Model is divided into two sublayers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. Consequently, each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer.
Modem
Named for what it does. Modulates/demodulates. A modem converts digital signals from your computer to analog for transmission over ordinary phone lines, and vice-versa. This is the device that is used when a person "dial up" to the internet. A modem will not work with Stayonline service.
NAT
Short for Network Address Translation, an internet standard that enables a local area network network to use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic and a second set of addresses for external traffic. NAT serves three main purposes:

1. provides a type of firewall by hiding internal IP addressses.

2. Enables a company to use more internal IP addresses. Since they're used internally only, there's no no possibility of conflict with IP addresses used by other companies and organizations.

3. Allows a company to combine multiple ISDN connections into a single internet connection.
NOC
(Network Operations Center)
Day to daycare and feeding of a network. Also called NCC for Network Control Center.
Ping
A utility to determine whether a specific IP address is accesible. It works by sending a packet to the specified address and waiting for a reply. Ping is used to primarily troubleshoot connections.
PMS
(Property Management System)

A software program and computer that controls all guest billing and guest services functions in a hotel. In short the guts of a hotel's computer system.
POP
(Point of Presence)

This is the point where a network meets the primary information-carrying lines (called the backbone) of the internet. In other words, this is like a city name in the postal system. It is the first local identifier of a computer's location on the internet, describing where to look for a computer coming from particular POP.
POP3
Pop is a commonly implemented method of delivering email from the mail server to the client machine. Other methods include IMAP and Microsoft Exchange. The POP3 server specified in a persons email prodgram specifies where to look for email that is directed to a particular email address. This should never be changed unless told to by ISP or company IT department that provides the email address. If it is changed, a person will be unable to receive email until the appropriate POP3 address is specified again.
Port
The exit and entrance point for information going out of and into a computer or other data communication devices, such as Ethernet port or printer port. On the internet, a pot tells a server which software on the server should respond to particular request for data. This is similar to a CB radio, in that a radio set on a particular channel will only respond to data being transmited on the channel; software will work the same way as in this analogy: Server software will only respond to requests for data on a particular port (http, for example, the protocol used for Web pages, uses port 80).
SSH
Secure Shell, is a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels. It is a replacement for rlogin, rsh, rcp, and rdist.
SMTP
(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

SMTP delivers email. This allows a user to send email messages to users on other computers. This is the most common method of sending email on the internet. When a person sends an email using an email program, the emal program connects to the SMTP server and delivers the email message to it. That SMTP server then passes the email message on to the appropriate mail server for the recipient email address of the email.
SSID
(Service Set Identifier)

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