Taxonomy 2
Terms
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- What are the two methods of systematics?
- evolutionary taxonomy and cladistics
- What is evolutionary taxonomy?
- considers both evolutionary branching and the extent of divergence
- What is clasdistics?
- considers only evolutionary branching
- What do both evolutionary taxonomy and cladistics use?
- shared derived characteristics
- What were the two kingdoms in the old system?
- plantae and animalia
- How was Kingdom Plantae described in the old system?
- non-motile and autotrophic
- How was Kingdom Animalia described in the old system?
- motil and heterotrophic
- What are the 5 kingdoms of the new system?
- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
- Characterize Kingdom Monera
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- all prokaryotic organisms
- contain archaea bacteria, eubacteria, and cyanobacteria - Characterize Kingdom Protista
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- one-celled eukaryotic organisms and close relatives
- very diverse
- ancestors of fungi, plants, animals - Characterize Kingdom Fungi.
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-eukaryotic, multi-cellular
- non-motile
- cell walls similar to plants
- heterotrophic
-bread molds, mushrooms - Characterize Kingdom Plantae
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-eukaryotic, multi-cellular
- autotrophic
- non-motile
- cell walls with cellulose
- mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants (most successful) - Characterize Kingdom Animalia
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- eukaryotic, multi-cellular
- heterotrophic
- motile - What are the 4 types of body symmetry?
- asymmetry, spherical, radial, bilateral
- What is radial symmetry?
- any cut thru the center in any plane will result in 2 equal halves
- What is the oral surface?
- the top (radial symmetry)
- What is the aboral surface?
- the bottom (radial symmetry)
- What is bilateral symmetry?
- one cut in 1 plane will produce 2 equal halves
- What are the 4 major sides in bilateral symmetry?
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dorsal (back)
anterior (head)
ventral (belly)
posterior (tail end) - What is the digestive cavity surrounded by?
- surrounded by embryonic endoderm
- What are the 3 types of body cavities?
- acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and true coelomates
- What are acoelomates?
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Organisms with no body cavity.
Ex. hydra (2 cell layers) and planaria (3 cell layers) - What are pseudocoelomates?
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Organisms with body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm.
Ex. roundworms and rotifers - What are true coelomates?
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Organisms with body cavity entirely within mesoderm.
Ex. earthworm, snail, insect, starfish, human