Science Midterm
Terms
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- catalyst
- increases rate of reaction but doesn't take part in reaction ABC +X A+BC+X
- vaporization
- liquid to gas
- molecules and compounds
- compounds are 2 atoms that are different, molecules can be just any 2 atoms chemically bonded together, all compounds are molecules, not the other way around
- know % ionic character
- top right numbers subtracted, rounded, then percent table
- Ions
- Electrons vs. Protons, more protons is positive charge, vice versa Cl3+
- displacement
- chemical group breaks the bond of another chemical bond, one gets left out(Jack/Jill/John)
- condensation
- gas to liquid
- Noble gases
- Element that doesn't bond w/ any other, gases at right of periodic table, outermost electron shell filled, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
- 4 factors enhance reaction
- Increase: temp. surface area, add catalys, increase concentration
- activation energy
- smallest amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
- density
- mass per unit volume, g/ml or g/cm3
- Isotopes
- Nuetrons plus protons after element name, Manganese -25
- bohr diagram
- fill up electron shells of an element, 2 8 8 18 18 32 32
- sublimation
- solid to gas
- balancing equations
- make sure each element lines up, multiply, chemical groups if same on both sides
- solute, solvent, solution
- solute is dissolved in the solvent, creates a solution, more solvent is diluted, more solute is concentrated
- suspension
- 2 things mixed together that eventually seperate, rise to the top, oil in water
- chromotagraphy
- where the color dot ends divided by where the water line is, that is the retention factor, determines the makeup of an element or chemical, lowest solubility is lowest point on paper
- melting
- solid to liquid
- physical change
- something you can see that affects an object or element but doesn't change what it is, no chemical reaction
- chemical reaction
- process in which the physical and chemical properties of the original substance change as a new substance with different physical and chemical properties is formed
- decomposition
- due to heat or light, breaks up the bond, XYZ X+YZ
- calculating neutrons, read periodic tables
- round atomic weight and subtract protons
- inhibitor
- opposite of catalyst, slows down reaction
- effervescence and precipate
- gas and solid, respectively, that are produced during a chem reaction, precipate is insoluble solid
- cations
- cations is the one that gives electrons, positive, lower # anion is negative, takes electrons, higher #
- mixture
- things mixed together that can be easily seperated
- Chemical Gases
- Hydrogen H2 Oxygen O2 Acetylene C2H2 Carbon Dioxide CO2
- acids and bases
- acids 1-6, realease hydrogen ions in water, corrosive bases 8-14, hydroxide ions in water
- H2O2(Important Problem)
- have to keep in brown bottle, otherwise it decomposes, turns from red to yellow, addition of light
- freezing
- liquid to solid
- deposition
- gas to solid
- exothermic
- gets hot, energy is released
- lab safety, metrics
- liters, milliliters, kiloliters, millimeters, kilometers, meters, centimeters, know which ones to use when!!
- Endothermic
- energy is absorbed, gets colder
- combustion
- rapid exothermic combination of substances with oxygen, fuel, and heat
- chemical bonds
- ionic=one gives to the other, covalent=they share outermost ones numbers below the Element # tells you if they can bond
- Evidence of Chemical Reaction
- Light produced, change in color, change in temperature, NEW SUBSTANCE IS FORMED