Science Chapter 19
Terms
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- Force that holds two atoms together--
- Chemical Bond
- Combination of chemical symbols and numbers that indicates which elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a model--
- Chemical Formula
- Pure substance that contains two or more elements--
- Compound
- Chemical Bond formed when atoms share electrons--
- Covalent Bond
- Region surrounding the nucleus of an atom, where electrons are most likely to be found--
- Electron Cloud
- Chemical symbol for an element, surrounded by as many dots as there are electrons in it's outer energy level--
- Electron Dot Diagram
- Atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost an electron--
- Ion
- Attraction that holds oppositely-charged ions close together--
- Ionic Bond
- Bond formed when metal atoms share their pooled electrons--
- Metallic Bond
- Neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons--
- Molecule
- Bond resulting from the uneven sharing of electrons--
- Polar Bond
- How are electrons arranged in an atom?
- Electrons travel in the electron cloud. They are found on energy levels, which vary in distance from the nucleus. Each energy level can hold a certain number of electrons.
- What is the relationship between placement of an electron in an atom and the amount of energy it holds?
- The father an electron is from the nucleus, the more energy it will have. The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the greater it's attraction to the nucleus will be. Therefore, it will not have as much energy.
- What is the distance between the placement of an energy level to the number of electrons it can hold?
- The father an energy level is from the nucleus, the more electrons it can hold.
- How is the placement of an element on the periodic table related to it's particles?
- The number of electrons in an atom increase across across each period of the table. Elements in the same representative group, or family, have the same number of outer electrons.
- Are the noble gases reactive?
- They do not readily combine and therefore are not reactive
- How many outer electrons do the Noble Gases have?
- 8
- Are the halogens reactive?
- They need one more electron to become stable, therefore, they are very reactive.
- How many outer electrons do the halogens have?
- 7
- Are the Alkali Metals reactive?
- Yes, very reactive
- How many outer electrons do the Alkali metals have?
- 1
- How do you draw an electron dot diagram?
- Write an element symbol using the Periodic Table, determine the number of outer electrons. Draw dots around the symbol using the same positions as the cardinal direction (N,S,E,W)
- What are the four ways atoms can form bonds with other atoms?
- They can LOOSE electrons, GAIN electrons, SHARE electrons, or POOL electrons.
- How are Ionic and Covalent Bonds different?
- When an atom loses or gains electrons, it becomes an ion. Ions of opposite charges can combine to form stable compounds. When atoms share electrons, they form molecules. Molecules are the smallest particles of covalent compunds.
- What are examples of Ionic Bonds?
- Magnesium chloride, Magnesium oxide, Sodium chloride.
- What are examples of Metallic Bonds?
- Silver atoms, Gold atoms, Copper atoms.
- What are examples of Covalent Bonds?
- Hydrogen with Hydrogen, Chlorine with Chlorine, Water, Carbon dioxide.
- What is the difference between polar and nonpolar bonds?
- In polar covalent molecules, the electrons are not shared equally among the nuclei. This results in a slight uneven distribution of charges at opposite ends of the molecule. In nonpolar covalent molecules, the electrons are shared equally
- How do you intercept chemical shorthand?
- Chemical formulas show you the kind and number of atoms in a molecule.
- What does the subscript after a symbol tell?
- The subscript after a symbol tells you how many atoms of that element are present.
- How many atoms of an element are there if there is no subscript?
- Only 1