World History- India and China
Terms
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- Indian subcontinent
- shaped like a triangle hanging from the southern ridge of Asia, is compsed of a number of core regions, including mountain ranges, river valleys, a dry interior plateau, and fertile coastal plains.
- Himalaya
- the highest mountains in the world. Directly south of the Himalaya is the rich valley of the Ganges River, one of the chief regions of Indian culture.
- Ganges River
- one of the chief regions of Indian culture.
- Deccan
- a plateau that extends from the Ganges valley to the southern tip of India.
- monsoon
- a seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia.
- Persian Gulf
- where most of trade occured.
- Aryans
- a group of Indo-European nomadic peoples began to move out of thier original homeland in central Asia. They moved south across the HIndu Kush moutain range.
- Hindu Kush
- near- Indus and Amu Darya Rivers.
- Sanskrit
- The Aryans first developed writing system.-1000B.C.
- rajas
- princes.. usually carved statues
- caste system
- a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society
- castes
- major divisions of Indian classes in ancient times.
- Brahmans
- usually considered to be at the top of the social scale. They were in charge of the religious ceremonies that were so important in Indian society.
- Kshatriyas
- warriors, the second caste in Aryan society.
- Vaisyas
- commoners-3rd ranked caste in Indian society. most of them were merchants who engaged in commerce, or farmers caring for the land.
- Sudras
- made up the great bulk of the Indian population. The Sudras were not Aryans, and the term probably originally referred to the conquered dark-skinned natives. most sudras were peasants and people who worked at other forms of manual labor. they had only limited rights in society.
- Untouchables
- the lowest level of Indian society-and in fact not even considered a real part of the caste system. they were given menial, degrading tasks that othere Indians would not accept, such as collecting trash and handling dead bodies. they made up about 5% of the total population of ancient India.
- Hinduism
-
has its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryan peoples who settled in India after 1500 B.C.
They believed in reincarnation,karma,and dharma and practiced yoga. - reincarnation
- is the belief that theindividual soul is reborn in a different form after death.
- karma
- the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life.
- dharma
- the divine law
- yoga
- a method of training designed to lead to such union. How does one achieve oneness with God?-practice developed by Hinduism.
- buddhism
- appeared in nothern India and soon became a rival of Hinduism. The founder of Buddhims was Siddhartha Gautama-known as the Buddha, or "Enlightened One"
- ascetics
- people who practiced self-denial to achieve an understanding of ultimate reality.-Buddism first practiced this and then.. turned to mediation
- nirvana
- ultimate reality- the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul.
- Asoka
- The Mauryan Empire flourished during the reign of Asoka- the grandson of Chandragupta maurya.
- Silk Road
- Silk road passed through the mountains northwest of India.- From Changan in China across central Asia to Mesopotamia.
- Changan
- in China, where Silk road extended from.
- Antioch in Syria
- port city on the Mediterranean Sea
- Faxian
- Chinese traveler, who spent several years there in the fifth century. a Buddihist monk
- pilgrims
- PEOPLE WHO TRAVEL TO RELIGIOUS PLACES FROM ACROSS INDIA AND AS FAR AWAY AS CHINA CAME TO VISIT THE MAJOR RELIGIOUS CENTERS.
- HUNS
- NOMADIC-FROM THE NORTHWEST THEY GRADUALLY REDUCED THE POWER OF THE EMPIRE. DESTROYED GUPTAS EMPIRE
- VEDAS
- THE EARLIEST KNOWN INDIAN LITERATURE FROM THE ARYAN TRADITION IN THE FROM OF THE ^ vEDAS.- PRIMARILY RELIGIOUS
- BHAGAVAD GITA
- A SERMON BY THE GOD KRISHNA ON THE EVE OF A MAJOR BATTLE.
- KALIDASA
- ONE OF ANCIENT INDIA'S MOST FAMOUS AUTHORS- WHO LIVED DURING THE GUPTA DYNASTY. HIS POEM THE CLOUD MESSENGER.
- ARYABHATA
- THE MOST FAMOUS MATHEMATICIAN OF THE GUPTA EMPIRE, ONE OF THE FIRST SCIENTISTS KNOWN TO HAVE USED ALGEBRA.
- HUANG HE
- YELLOW RIVER-STRETCHES ACROSS CHINA FOR MORE THAN 2,900 MILES, CARRYING ITS RICH YELLOW SILT ALL THE WAY FROM MONGOKIA TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
- CHANG JIANG
- OR YANGTZE RIVER-IS EVNE LONGER FLOWING FOR ABOUT 3,400 MILES ACROSS CENTRAL CHINA BEFORE EMPTYING IN TO THE YELLOW SEA.
- XIA DYNASTY
- LITTLE KNOWN ABOUT THE DYNASTY. JUST THAT IT WAS REPLCED BY A SECOND DYNASTY, THE SHANG.
- SHANG DYNASTY
- MOSTLY A FARIMING SOCIETY RULED BY AN ARISTOCRACY WHOSE MAJOR CONCERN IS WAR.
- ARISTOCRACY
- IS AN UPPER CLASS WHOSE WEALTH IS BASED ON LAND AND WHOSE POWER IS PASSED ON FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER.
- ZHOU DYNASTY
- LASTED FOR ALMOST NINE HUNDRED YEARS MAKING IT THE LONGEST-LASTING DYNASTY IN cHINESE HISTORY.
- MANDATE OF HEAVEN
- THE BELIEF THAT HEAVEN- WHICH WAS NA IMPERSONAL LAW OF NATURE-KEPT ORDER IN THE UNIVERSE THROUGHT THE ZHOU KIND. THUS HE REULED OVER ALL HUMANITY BY A MANDATE, OR AUTHORITY TO COMMAND, FROM HEAVEN.
- DAO
- THE PROPER "WAY"
- FILIAL PIETY
- FILIAL REFERS TO A SON OR DAUGHTER. FILIAL PIETY, THEN, REFERES TO THE DUTY OF MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY TO SUBORDINATE THEIR NEEDS AND DESIRES TO THOSE OF TEH MALE HEAD OF THE FAMILY.
- CONFUCIANISM
- OR SYSTEM OF THE CONFUCIAN IDEAS, AN IMPORTANT PART OF CHINESE HISTORY.
- DAOISM
- WAS A SYSTEM OF IDEAS BASED ON THE TEACHINGS OF LAOZI.
- LEGALISM
- PROPOSED THAT HUMAN BEINGS WERE EVIL BY NATURE.
- REGIME'S
- THE GOVERNMENT IN POWER.-OFFICIAL IDEOLOGY.
- CENSORATE
- HAD INSPECTORS WHO CHECKED ON GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO MAKE SURE THEY WERE DOING THEIR JOBS.
- GREAT WALL OF CHINA
- QIN SHIHUANGDI'S PROJECT
- THE HAN DYNASTY
- FOUNDER OF HAN DYNASTY WAS LIU BANG, A MAN OF PEASANT ORIGIN WHO BECAME KNOWN BY HIS TITLE HAN GAOZU ("EXLATED EMPEROR OF HAN")
- HAN WUDI
- ADDED THE SOUTHERN REGIONS BELOW THE CHANG JIANG INTO THE EMPIRE
- SOUTH CHINA SEA
- PART OF WHAT IS TODAY NORTHERN VIETNAM BECAME PART OF THE EMPIRE.
- INDIAN OCEAN
- FIND.....