Ground School
Terms
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- The rudder is used to control the ______ about the airplanes _________ axis.
- Yaw & Vertical
- What is the function of the flaps?
- Increase wing lift which allows an increase in the angle of descent without adding speed.
- 4 aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane during flight.
- Lift(upward) , weight(downward) , thrust(forward) , drag(rearward)
- All the forces are ______ when in unaccelerated flight.
-
equilibrium ( even )
Lift=weight
Thrust=Drag - Define "wing chord"
- imaginary line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing.
- Define "relative wind"
- Direction of airflow relative to the wing when the wing is moving through the air.
- Define "angle of attack"
- the angle between the chord line and the direction of the wind.
- Define "stall"
- a stall is when the angle of attack is exceeded.
- Define "spin"
- when one wing is lessed stalled than the other.
- What is one defining factor that relates to all spins?
- The plane must first be stalled.
- What effect does frost have on wings?
- Decreases lift and causes friction and increases drag.
- T or F. Frost can cause a plane to not take off.
- T
- T or F. Frost MUST be removed prior to take off.
- T.
- Define "ground effect"
- interference of the ground (or water) surface with the airflow patterns about a plane.
- When producing lift, a wing generates strong swirling masses of air off both its wingtips called ________.
- Wingtip Vortices.
- How is lift on a wing generated?
- a wing generates lift because there is a lower pressure on its upper surface than on its lower surface
- What does downwash cause?
- an induced angle of attack which reduces lift.
- If the atmosphere has ______ _______, you can see the wind vortex.
- High Humidity.
- Define "downwash"
- the forcing of air downward during the creation of lift.
- What are the components to turn an aircraft.
- coordinate rudder, aileron and elevator.
- What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
- Location of the center of gravity with respect to the center of lift.
- When an airplane is powered down, the nose ______.
- drops.
- When is the torque ( left turning tendency) worst?
- At low airspeeds.
- The torque effect ( left-turn tendency ) is worst at time?
- Low airspeed, High angle of attack, high airspeed( take off)
- Define " p-factor "
- Propellor causing the plane to yaw to the left to due to the right side of the propellors "higher" angle of attack.
- define "load factor"
- Amount of weight a planes wings can withstand from added weight.
- How can you determine the amount of excess load can be added?
- the speed and excess lift available.
- T or F . At high speeds, excess weight can affect the safety limits.
- T
- T or F. The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will remain the same regardless of gross weight.
- TRUE. a plane will always stall at the same angle of attack regardless of airspeed,weight, load factor, or density altitude.
- All the performances of an airplane are dependant up on _____ _____.
- air density.
- As air density decreases, the airplane stalls at a _______ true airspeed.
- HIGHER.
- T or F. Induced drag decreases while in "ground effect"
- T
- Becoming airborne before suggested take off speed is an example of _____ _____
- Ground effect.
- What force makes a plane turn?
- Horizontal lift.
- T or F. an inherintley stable airplane will require less effort to control.
- T
- define " forware cg limit"
- The forward cg limit is determined by the elevator's power to flare the aeroplane in a landing configuration.
- What causes an airplane to pitch down when power is reduced?
- the downwash of the elevators from the propellor is reduced.
- Loading an aircraft to the most aft cg will cause the plane to be.....
- less at all speeds.
- when does p-factor cause the plane to yaw to the left?
- at high angles of attack.
- T or F. Magnetic compass's are only accurate during straight and level flight.
- T
- The Pitot-Static system runs the ........
- Altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator.
- T or F. The Pitot tube provides impact pressure for the airspeed indicator only.
- T
- In the airspeed indicator, the white arc indicates the .......
- full flap operating range.
- Vso ( air speed indicator )
- lower limit stalling speed with landing gear and flaps in place.
- Vfe ( air speed indicator )
- max full flaps speed
- Green arc ( air speed indicator )
- Normal operation speed.
- Vs1 ( air speed indicator )
- stalling speed with flaps/gear up.
- Vno ( air speed indicator )
- max cruising speed in normal operation
- Yellow arc ( air speed indicator )
- safe speed in smooth air only
- Vne(red) ( air speed indicator )
- bad( never exceed)
- Va ( most important, not shown, color ) ( air speed indicator )
- maneuvering speed.