Pathology test 1

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Pouch or sac like opening in the bowel?: Traction Diverticulum
Usually in terminal ileum, chronic inflammatory bowel disorder most common in young adults?: Crohn's Disease
Open tract between the esophagus and the trachea, usually found in newborns and radiation therapy patients.: Tracheosophageal Fistula
Dilated veins in the esophagus: Esophageal Varices
A portion of the stomach pushes through the esophageal hiatus: Hiatal Hernia
inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach: Gastritis
crater in the epithelium of the duodenum: Duodenal Ulcer
erosion of the stomach epithelium: Gastric Ulcer
cancer of the stomach: Gastric carcinoma
obstructed bowel, adynamic, paralitic, volvulus, and intussusception.: small bowel obstruction
telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract: intussusception
inflammatory bowel disease often seen in young adults. Unknown cause. Involves only mucosal layer of colon.: Ulcerative Colitis
large number or out-pouching in weakened area of bowels: Diverticulosis
cancer of the rectum. Applecore, napkinring: carcinoma of colon
Gallstones: Calculi in the Gallbladder
accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity: Ascites
Free air in the peritoneal cavity: pneumoperitoneum
difference in tissue between tissue and organs?: subject contrast
Creatinine and BUN levels?: Creatinine- .6-1.5

BUN- 8-25
kidney stones: Nephrolithiasis
Kidney drops more than 5cm from supine to AP: Nephroptosis
Urine in blood: Uremia
What is ureterolithiasis?: stone in ureter
What is Hydronephrosis?: obstruction of kidney
What is Ureterostenosis?: narrowing of ureter
What is nephritis?: inflammation of kidney
What is urinary retention?: retain urine
What is UTI?: Urinary Tract Infection
What is Renal Hypertension?: Hyertension due to renal disease
What is VCUG?: Voiding Cystourethrogram
What is lithotripsy?: using energy waves to break down stones
What is nephrectomy: surgical removal of kidney
How much urine is produced a day? It is a waste product of what?: 1 to 2 liters

metabolism
The 2 ureters convey urine from where to where?: kidneys to bladder
Ther Urethra conveys urine from where to where?: urinary bladder to the exterior
____________ are above and upon the kidney and are part of the endocrine system.: Adrenals
What is renal parenchyma?: functional part of kidney (nephrons 1.25-1.5 million in kidney)
What is glomerualr filtrate?: Filtrate removed by glomerulus in bowman's capsule.
What percent of the filtrate becomes urine?: less than 1%
An increased level of nitrogenous waste such as urea and creatinine can cause the patient to suffer from?: Uremia
Medullary substance of the kidney is formed by what?: renal pyramid
Minor calyx gather to form?: Major
The microscopic portion of the renal parenchyma is the?: Nephron
Trigone is a portion of the?: bladder
Where are the UP junctions?: renal pelvis becomes ureter
Where are the UV junctions?: where ureter becomes bladder
Where are the 3 common places for renal stones to stop?: UP, UV, Pelvic Brim
Why do you do 30 degree oblique kidneys?: kidneys 30 degrees to coronal plane
With the patient in a 30 degree RPO which kidney is parallel to the IR?: Left
The kidneys normally extend from the level of _______ to _______.: T-12, L-3
If it is a hyperstehnic patient where will the kidneys be? Astehnic?: Higher, lower
The right kidney is higher or lower than the left? Why?: lower, the liver
the kidney moves about how much with respiration?: 2.5 cm/ inch
From recumbent to erect the kidneys should move no more than how many inches? Anymore than this is considered what?: 5 inches, Nephroptosis
A renal column is what portion of the cortex?: cortex between pyramids
Are the ureters within or outside of the peritoneum?: retroperitoneal
The adult bladder can hold how much fluid?: 500 ml
the desire for micturition occurs when how much urine is in the bladder?: 250 ml
Where does the ureters enter the bladder? Where does the Urethra exit the bladder?: trigone, trigone
The male urethra passes through the __________ glande which is portion of the reproductive system.: prostate
What is antegrade filling in a normal exam?: normal flow
What is retrograde filling in a urinary exam?: against the flow
What is an IVU/XU?: Intravenous Urogram/ Excretory Urogram
Is an IVU a functional exam?: yes
Would any retrograde urography be considered a functional exam?: no
Why use ureteral compression? When should it not be used?: Keep contrast in kidney

if there is a stone or colostomy
Why do an upright post void?: nephroptosis, retention, fallen trigone
The greatest concentration of contrast media in the kidney occurs when?: Between 15 minutes and 20 minutes
what can acute vascular injury result in? What do they mean?: Anoxia and Hypoxia

Anoxia- lack of oxygen

Hypoxia- Iadequate oxygen at the cellular level
A mass of coagulated blood or a clot: Thrombosis
any obstruction of a blood vessel by any means?: Embolus
Progressive wasting away of any body part?: Chronic Injury/Atrophy
What causes acromegaly?: Pituitary Adenoma
What can achondroplasias and dyschondroplaisas cause?: Dwarfism
increase in number of cells that can lead to a neoplasm?: Hyperplaisa
Palmar means?: Volar
What is plantar?: Sole of foot
What does dorsum pedis mean?: top of foot
What does the bony throax contain?: T-Spine, Ribs, Sternum
What are the divisions of the respiratory system?: pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Brocnhi
What are the divisions of the pharynx?: nasopharynx, oropharynx, Larynopharynx
What keeps food from going into the larynx?: epiglottis, vocal cords
Where does the trachea go from (vertebrae)? Where does it bifurcate at?: C6-T4 T5

Carina
The rt lung has how many lobes? Lt: 3, 2
Larynx is in the anterior or posterior neck?: Anterior
The Larynx is suspended by what bone?: Hyoid
The trachea is anterior or posterior to the esophagus?: Anterior
What are subtractive diseases?: Early lung abcess, emphysema, pnemothorax
The bifurcation of the trachea is at what level?: T4-T5
The lungs are covered by the serous membrane called?: visceral pleura
anything that enters or exits in a pt or depression?: hilus
primary muscle of respiration: diaphragm
The esophagus is anterior or posterior to the desending aorta?: anterior
The manubrium is at what level? The body of the sternum forms the sternal angle at what level? The xiphoid is at what level?: T2/T3

T4/T5

T/10
The SC Joint is at what level?: T2-T3
The anterior end of the rib is called what portion? The posterior end of the rib is called what portion?: Sternal

Vertebral
All ribs have costocartilage except which ones?: 11th and 12th
The space between the ribs is termed what?: intercostal space
The joint between the rib head and the spine is what?: Costovertebral joint
There are how many pairs of costovertebral? Costotransverse?: 12

10
The first 7 ribs are termed what? 8, 9, 10? 11, 12?: true or vertebrosternal

Vertebrochondral
or false

Floating or false

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Number of cards 101