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excercise 9

Terms

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articular cartilage
covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum- composed of hyaline cartilage- smooth prevents friction
bone markings
where bones form joints with other bones, where muscles, tendons, and ligaments, were attached, and where blood vessels and nerves passed
canaliculi
tiny canals radiating outard from acentral canal to the lacunae of the 1st lamella and then from lamella to lamella. forms a dense transportation network
central (haversion) canal
runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels, neves, and lymph vessels thought the bony matrix
circumferential lamellae
how the lacunae are arranged in circles around the central canal
condyle
* rounded articular projection * helps to form joints
crest
narrow ridge of the bone; usually prominent * site of muscle attachment
diaphysis
shaft of bone, smooth surface
endochondral ossification
uses hyaline cartilage bones as patterns for bone formation
endosteum
lining of shaft, trabecula, and anals of compact bone; contains osteoblacts and -clasts
epicondyle
* raided area on or above a condyle * site of muscle and ligament attachment
epiphysis
end of long bone, composed of a thin layer of compact bone that encloses spongy bone
facet
* smooth, nearly flat articular surface * helps to form joints
fissure
narrow, slitlike opening
flat bones
generally thin, with 2 layers of compact bone sandwiching a spongy bone; skull bones
foramen
round or oval opening through a bone
fossa
shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, ofen serving as an articular surface
groove
furrow
head
*bony expansion carried on a narrow neck *helps to form joints
irregular bones
vertebrae
lacunae
chambers containing osteocytes
line
narrow ride of bone; less prominent than a crest
long bones
femur, phalanges; much longer than wide; shaft, with heads at either end; predominately compact bones
meatus
* canal-like passageway
osteocytes
mature bone cells
osteon (haversian system)
central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it
perforating(sharpey's) fibers
fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone
periosteum
fibrous membrane covering
process
* prominence or projection * site of muscle and ligament attachment
ramus
*armlike bar of bone * helps to form joints
red marrow
forms blood cells, in the medullary cavity in infants and the epiphysis b/t the trabeculae of spongy bone
sesamoid bones
special types of short bones formed in tendons
short bones
cube shaped; more spongy bone than compact bone; tarsals and carpals
sinus
space w/in a bone, filled with air and lined with mucus membrane
spine
sharp, slender, ofen pointed projection * site of muscle and ligament attachment
trochanter
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only on femur) * site of muscle and ligament attachment
tubercle
small rounded projection or process * site of muscle and ligament attachment
Tuberosity
* site of muscle and ligament attachment * large rounded projection; may be roughened
wormian/ sutura
tyiny bones b/t cranial bones
yellow marrow
the adipose tissue that is stored in the medullary cavity of adults

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