nervous system - set 2 (7.2)
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- What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
- The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
- What are the parts of the central nervous system?
- The brain and the spinal cord
- what makes up the peripheral nervous system?
- All the nerves located outside of the central nervous system
- What part of the central nervous system controls the most functions of the body?
- The brain, located in the skull
- What is the spinal cord?
- The thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system
- What kind of neurons are in the brain?
- The brain contains about 100 billion interneurons?
- What 3 things protect the brain from injury?
- (1) The skull, (2)three layers of connective tissue and (3)a watery fluid between the outermost layer and middle layer of connective tissue
- What are the 3 main parts of the human brain?
- The cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem.
- What is the function of the cerebrum?
- interprets input from the senses, controls the movement of skeletal muscles and carries out complex mental processes such as learning, remembering and making judgements.
- What are the functions of each of the halves of the cerebrum?
- The right half is associated with creativity and artistic ability. The left half is associated with mathematical skills and logical thinking.
- What is the largest part of the brain?
- The cerebrum. The cerebellum is the second largest part.
- What is the function of the cerebellum?
- it coordinates actions of muscles and helps to keep your balance
- What is the function of the brainstem?
- it controls involuntary actions such as breathing and your heartbeat.
- What protects the spinal cord?
- The vertebral column.
- What is the function of the spinal cord?
- it is the link between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
- What is the peripheral nervous system?
- A network of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system to the rest of the body
- How many pairs of nerves make up the peripheral nervous system?
- 43 pairs. 12 pairs originate in the brain and 31 pairs begin in the spinal cord
- What are the spinal nerves?
- The 31 pairs of nerves that begin in the spinal cord and leave the spinal cord between the verebrae
- What kind of neurons make up spinal nerves?
- Both sensory and motor neurons.
- What are the functions of the two types of neurons in the spinal nerves?
- The sensory neurons carry impulses from the body to the central nervous system. The motor neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to the body.
- What are the two groups of nerves in the peripheral nervous system?
- Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
- What do nerves in the somatic nervous system do?
- control voluntary actions
- What do nerves in the autonomic nervous system do?
- control involuntary actions
- What are reflexes?
- An automatic response that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control
- What is the difference between a reflex action and a voluntary action?
- In a reflex, skeletal muscles contract with involvement of the spinal cord only, not the brain.
- How do reflexes help protect the body from injury?
- Because the reflex action occurs before the nerve impulses reach the brain, your body removes you from harm before the brain interprets the impulse.
- What is a concussion?
- A bruiselike injury of the brain that occurs when soft tissue of the cerebrum bumps against the skull
- Why does a spinal cord injury sometimes result in paralysis?
- If the spinal cord is cut, all the nerve axons in the region are split so that impulses cannot pass through them.