Mary and Linda's Study Cards
Terms
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- LACRIMAL GLAND
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Supplies Tears to eyes
Superior and Temporal to eye
Behind Orbital rim - LACRIMAL DUCT
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Drainage system for tears
Tears produced by lacrimal gland-travel thru duct to eye surface - NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
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Drainage system for tears to leave eye
Connected to nasal passage
Why nose runs when you cry - SCLERA
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White part of eye
Tough, Fibrous tissue
Gives eyeballs shape and structure - CONJUNCTIVA
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Clear cellophane like tissue
Covers sclera and inside of eyelids - CORNEA
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Most powerful refractive media of eye
Provides most of eyes ability to focus light
Avascular(no blood vessels)
Clear transparent tissue located very front(anterior) of eye
5 Layers(front to back)
Epithelim
Bowman's layer,
Stroma
Descemet's Membrane
Endothelium - IRIS
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Colored part of eye
2 circular muscles with hole in middle(pupil)
Iris Sphincter and Dilator muscles control pupil size - ANTERIOR CHAMBER
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Area inside eye
Behind Cornea
In Front of Iris
Filled with aqueous humor(clear watery fluid) - CRYSTALLINE LENS
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Provides focusing power to eye
Allows eye to adjust from far to near
Second most powerful refractive medium - CILLIARLY MUSCLE
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Muscle inside eyeball
Alters shape of Crystalline Lens
Direct control over ACCOMMODATION(focusing ability of eye) - POSTERIOR CHAMBER
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Area inside of eye
Behind iris
In front of lens - RETINA
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Seeing part of eye
Lines Sclera
Place where light coming into eye is focused
Images fall on nerve cells of retina--transmitted to brain--interpreted - CHOROID
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Consists of primarily blood vessels that nourish retina
Between sclera and retina - VITREOUS HUMOR
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Thick, clear, jelly like substance that fill eye between lens and retina
Helps keep eye round - MACULA(FOVEA)
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Central part of retina
Used for seeing detail
3-5mm in diameter with foveal depression at its center - FOVEAL CENTRALIS
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1.5 mm area in macula
Visual Accuity is sharpest
Contains highest number of Cones(responsible for daytime vision and color vision) - OPTIC NERVE
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Carries impulses from retina to brain
Transmits signals from Rods to Cones to Brain - OPTIC DISC
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How optic nerve looks when viewed through pupil
Portion of optic nerve formed by meeting of all retinal nerve fibers
Insensitive to light(corresponds to blind spot)
Appearance helps determine eyes health - FUNDUS
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Bottom or base of organ
Interior surface of eyeball - EXTROCULAR MUSCLE
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Six muscles attached to sclera from bones surrounding eye
Aims eye in direction we wish to look
Without it we have to move our head - CASE HISTORY
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Demographics
Primary Reason for visit
Review of patients(and immediate family) eye and general health - VISUAL ACUITY
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Way we measure how much detail eye can appreciate
Measure of the finest detail eye can detect
Macula(central part of retina) responsible for seeing fine detail
SNELLEN LETTERS most often used to measure acuity at distance
SNELLEN FRACTION is way visual acuity described
TESTING DISTANCE
SNELLEN FRACTION = --------------------------------------
DISTANCE AT WHICH LETTER IS
STANDARDIZED TO BE READ
Top Number is Testing Distance(usually 20 feet)
Bottom Number represents distance at which letter is supposed to be read
20/20 means eye reads at 20 feet the letter that is standardized to be read at 20 feet
Patient may not be able to read entire line of letters(some are more difficult)--so record line which patient read all but one or two letters correctly