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Mary and Linda's Study Cards

Terms

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LACRIMAL GLAND
Supplies Tears to eyes
Superior and Temporal to eye
Behind Orbital rim
LACRIMAL DUCT
Drainage system for tears
Tears produced by lacrimal gland-travel thru duct to eye surface
NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
Drainage system for tears to leave eye
Connected to nasal passage
Why nose runs when you cry
SCLERA
White part of eye
Tough, Fibrous tissue
Gives eyeballs shape and structure
CONJUNCTIVA
Clear cellophane like tissue
Covers sclera and inside of eyelids
CORNEA
Most powerful refractive media of eye
Provides most of eyes ability to focus light
Avascular(no blood vessels)
Clear transparent tissue located very front(anterior) of eye
5 Layers(front to back)
Epithelim
Bowman's layer,
Stroma
Descemet's Membrane
Endothelium
IRIS
Colored part of eye
2 circular muscles with hole in middle(pupil)
Iris Sphincter and Dilator muscles control pupil size
ANTERIOR CHAMBER
Area inside eye
Behind Cornea
In Front of Iris
Filled with aqueous humor(clear watery fluid)
CRYSTALLINE LENS
Provides focusing power to eye
Allows eye to adjust from far to near
Second most powerful refractive medium
CILLIARLY MUSCLE
Muscle inside eyeball
Alters shape of Crystalline Lens
Direct control over ACCOMMODATION(focusing ability of eye)
POSTERIOR CHAMBER
Area inside of eye
Behind iris
In front of lens
RETINA
Seeing part of eye
Lines Sclera
Place where light coming into eye is focused
Images fall on nerve cells of retina--transmitted to brain--interpreted
CHOROID
Consists of primarily blood vessels that nourish retina
Between sclera and retina
VITREOUS HUMOR
Thick, clear, jelly like substance that fill eye between lens and retina
Helps keep eye round
MACULA(FOVEA)
Central part of retina
Used for seeing detail
3-5mm in diameter with foveal depression at its center
FOVEAL CENTRALIS
1.5 mm area in macula
Visual Accuity is sharpest
Contains highest number of Cones(responsible for daytime vision and color vision)
OPTIC NERVE
Carries impulses from retina to brain
Transmits signals from Rods to Cones to Brain
OPTIC DISC
How optic nerve looks when viewed through pupil
Portion of optic nerve formed by meeting of all retinal nerve fibers
Insensitive to light(corresponds to blind spot)
Appearance helps determine eyes health
FUNDUS
Bottom or base of organ
Interior surface of eyeball
EXTROCULAR MUSCLE
Six muscles attached to sclera from bones surrounding eye
Aims eye in direction we wish to look
Without it we have to move our head
CASE HISTORY
Demographics
Primary Reason for visit
Review of patients(and immediate family) eye and general health
VISUAL ACUITY
Way we measure how much detail eye can appreciate
Measure of the finest detail eye can detect
Macula(central part of retina) responsible for seeing fine detail
SNELLEN LETTERS most often used to measure acuity at distance
SNELLEN FRACTION is way visual acuity described
TESTING DISTANCE
SNELLEN FRACTION = --------------------------------------
DISTANCE AT WHICH LETTER IS
STANDARDIZED TO BE READ

Top Number is Testing Distance(usually 20 feet)
Bottom Number represents distance at which letter is supposed to be read
20/20 means eye reads at 20 feet the letter that is standardized to be read at 20 feet
Patient may not be able to read entire line of letters(some are more difficult)--so record line which patient read all but one or two letters correctly

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