health ch. 15 lesson 3
Terms
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- neuron
-
basic cell of the nervous system
carry nerve messages, or impulses, from one part of body to another - dendrites
- short, branching fibers that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
- axon
- long thin fiber, carries impulses away from cell body
- myelin
- fatty material, insulates the axon and increases the speed at which an impulse travels
- synapse
- space between an axon and the structurewith which the neuron communicates
- sensory neurons
- pick up infoabout external and internal environment from sense organs and body
- motor neurons
- send impulses to muscles and glands causing them to react
- interneurons
- only in brain and spinal cord, pass impulses from one neuron to the other
- central nervous system
- brain and spinal cord
- peripheral n.s
- all nerves that connect the brain andspinal cord to other parts of body
- brain
- moist, spongy organ controls everything...actions, thoughts, and memory
- menings
- beneath skul, three layersof memvranes that cover the brain and give it further protection
- cerebrospinal fluid
- a liquid btween middle and inner menings and other parts of brain, give cushioning and protection
- cerebrum
- large upper region
- cerebellum
- just beneath the back part of cerebrum,coordinates contractions of muscles
- brainstem
- below cerebellum at base of skull, life support system, heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
- thalamus
- relay station for senses,
- hypothalamus
- regulates body temp, sleep, water balance, blood pressure
- spinal cord
- nerve tissue that extends from the brain down the back just below the ribs
- cranial nerves
- 12 pairs of nerves that emerge from brain, connect with head
- spinal nerves
- 31 pairs branch from spinal cord
- somatic nervous system
- responsible for actions that can be controlled
- automatic n.s
- regulates automatic actions, not controlled
- reflex
- automatic response of n.s to environment
- concussion
- short loss of consciousness after bump to head- shoft brain tissue in contact with skull
- coma
- prolonged period ofdeep unconsciousness, diseases and o.d
- paralysis
- loss of ability to move some part of the body, nerves are so damaged they can no longer signal muscle movement
- quadriplegia
- neck down paralysis
- pparpelegia
- lower body paralysis, lowr spinal cord injury
- meningitis
- inflammation of meninges of brain and spinal cord, children
- rabies
- infection of central nervous system from bite of infected animal
- migraine headaches
- severve headaches last a long time
- cerebral palsy
- nervous system damagebefore, during or after birth, lack of full control of body movement
- epilepsy
- disturbed brain messenges
- seizure
- sudden storm of brain activity due to epilepsy
- multiple sclerosis
- patches of myelin are destroyed, difficulty mucsle control, vision and speech trouble