Ch.7 Terminology
Terms
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- arteriole
- small artery
- bowman capsule
- cup-shaped capsule surrounding each glomerulus.
-
calyx or calix
(plural: calyces or calices) - cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.
- catheter
- tube for injecting or removing fluids.
- cortex
- outer region of the kidney.
- creatinine
- waste product of muscle metabolism; nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
- electrolyte
- a chemical that carries and electrical charge in a solution; potassium, sodium.
- erythropoietin
- a hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells.
- filtration
- passive process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material.
- glomerulus
- tiny balls of capillaries in the cortex of the kidney.
- hilum
- part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter and leave.
- kidney
- one of two bean-shaped organs located behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region.
- meatus
- opening or canal
- medulla
- inner region; the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney.
- micturition
- urination; the act of voiding.
- nephron
- the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorbtion, and secretion take place in the kidney.
- nitrogenous waste
- substance containing nitrogen and excreted urine.
- potassium (K+)
- a salt (electrolyte) secreted from the bloodstream into the renal tubules to leave the body in urine.
- reabsorption
- when the renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
- renal artery
- carries blood to the kidney.
- renal pelvis
- central collecting region in the kidney.
- renal tubule
- microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
- renal vein
- carries blood away from the kidney
- renin
-
-an enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored, and secreted by the kidney.
-increases blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction. - sodium (Na+)
- a salt (electrolyte) regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys.
- trigone
- triangular area in the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits.
- urea
- major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine.
- ureter
- tube leading from each kidney to the bladder.
- urethra
- tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body.
- uric acid
- nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
- urinary bladder
- sac that holds urine.
- urination
- process of expelling urine; also called micturition.
- voiding
- emptying of urine from the urinary bladder; urination or micturition.
-
cali/o
calic/o - calyx (calix)
- cyst/o
- urinary bladder
- glomerul/o
- glomerulus
- meat/o
- meatus
- pyel/o
- renal pelvis
- trigon/o
- trigone
- ureter/o
- ureter
- urethr/o
- urethra
- vesic/o
- urinary bladder
- albumin/o
- albumin (protein in the blood)
- azot/o
- nitrogen
- bacteri/o
- bacteria
- dips/o
- thirst
- poly-
- many; much
-
ket/o
keton/o - ketone bodies
- lith/o
- stone
- noct/i
- night
- olig/o
- scanty
- -poietin
- substance that forms.
- py/o
- pus
- -tripsy
- to crush
- ur/o
- urine (urea)
- urin/o
- urine
- -uria
- urination; urine condition
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- measurment of urea levels in blood.
- creatinine clearance test
- measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.
- intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
- x-ray image of the kidneys and uterus after injection of a contrast into a vein.
- kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)
- x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
- renal angiography
- x-ray examination (with contrast) of the vascular system (blood vessels) of the kidney.
- retrograde pyelogram (RP)
- x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injecting contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters.
- voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
- x-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra while the patient is expelling urine.
- ultrasonography
- process of imaging urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves.
- radioisotope scan
- image of the kidney, after injecting into the bloodstream, a radioactive substance (isotope) that concentrates in the kidney.
- cystoscopy
- direct visual examination of the urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
- dialysis
- process of sepatating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function.
-
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
(ESWL) - shock waves crush urinary tract stones, which then pass from the body in urine.
- renal angioplasty
- dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries.
- renal biopsy
- removal of kidney tissue with microscopic examination by a pathologist.
- renal transplantation
- surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient.
- urinary catherization
- passage of a flexible tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.
- ADH
- antidiuretic hormone; vasopressin
- ARF
- acute renal failure
- BILI
- bilirubin
- BUN
- blood urea nitrogen
- CAPD
- continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
- Cath
- catheter; catheterization
- CCPD
- continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
- CKD
- chronic kidney disease
- CL-
- chloride
- CRF
- chronic renal failure; progressive loss of kidney function.
- cysto
- cystoscopic examination
- ESRD
- end-stage renal disease
- ESWL
- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy