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Medical Terminology Ch. 14

Terms

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What is interstitial fluid?
Fluid that surrounds body cells. Passes continually through lymph capillaries and lymph nodes and vessels.
What does lymphatic system do? (3 things)
Drainage system to transport needed proteins and fluid that have leaked out of the blood capillaries back to the bloodstream via the veins. Also absorbs fat from small intestine and transports to bloodstream. Also is defense of body against foreign organisms (by producing antibodies).
Major sites of lymph node concentration? (4). What are tonsils and adenoids?
Cervical (neck), axillary (armpit), mediastinal, inguinal. Tonsils are masses of lymph tissue. Adenoids are enlarged lymph tissue in part of throat near nasal passages.
Spleen and thymus gland are organs made of what? What are the functions of the spleen?
Lymph tissue; Destruction of old red blood cells by macrophages, filtration of microorganisms and other foreign material from blood, activation of lymphocytes (activated B-cell lymphocytes produce antibodies), and storage of blood.
Thymus gland?
Between lungs. During fetal and childhood, it is large but becomes smaller with age. Plays important role in ability to protect body from disease. Removal impairs individual of making antibodies.
Natural immunity?
Genetic predisposition present at birth. Not dependent on specific immune response or previous contact with infectious agent. Reason cats don't get our diseases and we don't get theirs.
Acquired immunity? Acquired active immunity? Acquired passive immunity? Humoral immunity? Cell-mediated immunity?
Body develops a powerful, specific immunity against antigens. Active = having a disease causes production of antibodies that fight against foreign organisms and remain in the body for later use. Receiving a vaccination is also another way of getting active. Passive = patient receives immune serum containing antibodies produced in another animal. Ex = poisonous snake bite. Humoral immunity = B-cells produce antibodies in response to specific antigens. Cell-mediated immunity = When T-cells encounter antigen, it multiplies rapidly to produce cells that destroy antigen.
Allergy: What is it? Why does it occur? Ex's?
Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen. Occurs when person is exposed to sensitizing agent and the immune response that follows on reexposure to the allergen is damaging to the body. Ex = asthma, hives, atopic dermatitis, etc.
Lymphoma: What is it? 2 types? Treatment?
Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue. Hodgkin disease (tumor in spleen and lymph nodes. Characterized by lymphadenopath, splenomegaly, fever, weakness, and loss of weight and appetite. Radiation or chemotherapy used.) Non-hodgkin lymphoma (types = follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy and radiation used.)
Multiple myeloma: What is it?
Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells. Tumor is composed of plasma cells.

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