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Psych-CH.15

Terms

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eclectic approach
an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client\'s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud\'s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist\'s interpretations of them- released preciously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analyst\'s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight.
transference
in psychoanalysis, the patient\'s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships; love hatred towards a parent
psychodynamic therapy
therapy dericing from the psychanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight
insight therapies
a variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client\'s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
client-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Roger, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic, environment to facilitate clients\' growth (aka person centered therapy)
active listening
empathetic listening in which a listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger\'s client-centered therapy.
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conductive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
counterconditioning
a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behavior: exposure therapies and aversive therapies.
exposure therapies
behavioral techniques such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
systematic desensitization
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxes state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
virtual reality exposure therapy
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
aversive conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (ex nausea) with an unwanted behavior (drinking alcohol)
token economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for carious privileges or treats.
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
cognitive-behavior therapy
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).
family therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual\'s unwanted behaviors as influence by, or directed at, other family members.
regression toward the mean
the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall beck toward their average.
meta-analysis
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
evidence-based practice
clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
biomedical therapy
prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient\'s nervous system
psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior.
antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors.
anti-anxiety drugs
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.
antidepressant drugs
drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters
electroconvulsive therapy (ect)
a biomedical therapy for severly depresseed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.
psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
lobotomy
a nor-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to cal uncontollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling venters of the inner brain.

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