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Biology 38.1-38.2

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. The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water to 1 degree Celsius
calorie
1000 calories=kilocalorie=food calorie
Calorie
What is the average Calorie needs for a typical teenage female and for a typical teenage male?
female=2200 male=2800
substances in food that supply the energy and raw materials your body uses for growth, repair, and maintenance.
nutrients
the most important nutrient
water
-makes up the bulk of blood, lymph and other bodily fluids -many of the body’s processes, including chemical reactions take place in water -cools the body -transports nutrients and wastes -processes chemical reactions (hydrolosis) -hydration
water
food sources of water
. food sources: water, fruit, vegetables, beverages, soups
main source of energy for the body -helps to keep the digestive system on track -cellulose: helps keep food and waste moving through the digestive system
carbohydrates
food sources of carbohydrates
breads, pasta, cereals, fruits, honey, sugar cane, potatoes, vegetables, bran
produces cell membranes, myelin sheaths (insulates nerves) and certain hormones -help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins -insulate the body and protects body organs -provide and store energy
fats
fats food sources
butter, oils, nuts, avocados, salad dressings, olives, cheese, bacon, beer, pork, fried chicken, ice cream
American Heart Association recommends a diet with a maximum of __ percent of Calories from fat. How much of that should come from saturated fats?
-30% -10%
Name four health related diseases that may result from consuming a diet rich in fats:
: high blood pressure, heart disease (hypertension), obesity, diabetes, and some cancers
supply raw materials for growth and repairs structures such as skin and muscle -regulation (enzymes) -transportation (cell membranes)
proteins
food sources of protein
meats, eggs, fish, milk, beans, rice, peanut butter, soy
what are essential amino acids?
8 amino acids that must be obtained from the foods you eat
help regulate the body processes and work with enzymes
vitamins
maintenance of cartilage and bone; antioxidant; improves iron absorption; important for healthy gums, tissue repair, and wound healing
Vitamin C
normalizes metabolism and maturation of red blood cells
Vitamin B
normal metabolism of carbs
B1
maturation of red blood cells
B12
vitamins that cannot be stored in the body and should be included in the foods eaten each day
water soluble
4 fat soluble vitamins
D,E,A,K
vitamin that promotes the growth of skin cells and night vision
Vitamin A
promotes bone growth; increases calcium and phosphorus absorption
vitamin D
prevents cellular damage
Vitamin E
needed for normal blood clotting
Vitamin K
Which vitamins can your body produce?
Vitamin K and D
Vitamin food sources
vegetables, dairy, fruit, meat, eggs, whole grains
component of bones and teeth (calcium) component of hemoglobin (iron) normal function of nerves
minerals
mineral food sources
dairy, fish, meat, poultry, leafy greens, salt, processed foods, dried fruit
Minerals are inorganic/organic and vitamins are inorganic/organic
inorganic organic
helps to convert foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by cells in the body
digestive system
list the organs in order of the pathway of the digestive system
mouth--esophagus--stomach--small intestine--large intestine--rectum--anus
list of accessory organs
salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
what digests protein?
stomach

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