Biology 38.1-38.2
Terms
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- . The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water to 1 degree Celsius
- calorie
- 1000 calories=kilocalorie=food calorie
- Calorie
- What is the average Calorie needs for a typical teenage female and for a typical teenage male?
- female=2200 male=2800
- substances in food that supply the energy and raw materials your body uses for growth, repair, and maintenance.
- nutrients
- the most important nutrient
- water
- -makes up the bulk of blood, lymph and other bodily fluids -many of the body’s processes, including chemical reactions take place in water -cools the body -transports nutrients and wastes -processes chemical reactions (hydrolosis) -hydration
- water
- food sources of water
- . food sources: water, fruit, vegetables, beverages, soups
- main source of energy for the body -helps to keep the digestive system on track -cellulose: helps keep food and waste moving through the digestive system
- carbohydrates
- food sources of carbohydrates
- breads, pasta, cereals, fruits, honey, sugar cane, potatoes, vegetables, bran
- produces cell membranes, myelin sheaths (insulates nerves) and certain hormones -help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins -insulate the body and protects body organs -provide and store energy
- fats
- fats food sources
- butter, oils, nuts, avocados, salad dressings, olives, cheese, bacon, beer, pork, fried chicken, ice cream
- American Heart Association recommends a diet with a maximum of __ percent of Calories from fat. How much of that should come from saturated fats?
- -30% -10%
- Name four health related diseases that may result from consuming a diet rich in fats:
- : high blood pressure, heart disease (hypertension), obesity, diabetes, and some cancers
- supply raw materials for growth and repairs structures such as skin and muscle -regulation (enzymes) -transportation (cell membranes)
- proteins
- food sources of protein
- meats, eggs, fish, milk, beans, rice, peanut butter, soy
- what are essential amino acids?
- 8 amino acids that must be obtained from the foods you eat
- help regulate the body processes and work with enzymes
- vitamins
- maintenance of cartilage and bone; antioxidant; improves iron absorption; important for healthy gums, tissue repair, and wound healing
- Vitamin C
- normalizes metabolism and maturation of red blood cells
- Vitamin B
- normal metabolism of carbs
- B1
- maturation of red blood cells
- B12
- vitamins that cannot be stored in the body and should be included in the foods eaten each day
- water soluble
- 4 fat soluble vitamins
- D,E,A,K
- vitamin that promotes the growth of skin cells and night vision
- Vitamin A
- promotes bone growth; increases calcium and phosphorus absorption
- vitamin D
- prevents cellular damage
- Vitamin E
- needed for normal blood clotting
- Vitamin K
- Which vitamins can your body produce?
- Vitamin K and D
- Vitamin food sources
- vegetables, dairy, fruit, meat, eggs, whole grains
- component of bones and teeth (calcium) component of hemoglobin (iron) normal function of nerves
- minerals
- mineral food sources
- dairy, fish, meat, poultry, leafy greens, salt, processed foods, dried fruit
- Minerals are inorganic/organic and vitamins are inorganic/organic
- inorganic organic
- helps to convert foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by cells in the body
- digestive system
- list the organs in order of the pathway of the digestive system
- mouth--esophagus--stomach--small intestine--large intestine--rectum--anus
- list of accessory organs
- salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
- what digests protein?
- stomach