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Medical Term 10 11 12

Terms

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-sthenia
Strength Neurasthenia- nervous exhaustion and fatigue, often following depression
syncop/o
to cut off, to cut short
tax/o
Order, Coordination Ataxia- persistant unsteadiness
-praxia
action apraxia- movements are not purposeful
Acetylcholine
neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends (synapses) of nerve cells
Afferent Nerves
Carry messages TOWARD the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerves)
Arachnoid Membrane
Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Astrocyte
A type of glial (neurologic) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
Autonomic Nervous System
Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs
Axon
Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
Blood-brain barrier
Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
Brainstem
Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. The pons and medulla oblongota are part of the brainstem
Cauda Equina
Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
Cell body
Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus
Central Nervous System
Brain and the spinal cord
Cerebellum
Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
Cerebral cortex
Outer region of the cerebrum
Congestive Heart Failure
The heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood. More blood enters the heart from the veins then is leaving the arteries
ACE
angiotension-converting enzyme
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus a duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery which normally closes soon after birth remains open (patent)
Hypertension (HTN)
High Blood Pressure 140/90 is considered high in adults
Angina
chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia
Auscultation
Listening for sounds in blood vessals or other body structures, typically through a stethoscope
Beta-blockers
drugs used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhytmias. They block the action of epinephrine at receptor sites on cells, slowing heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart
petechiae
small, pinpoint hemorrhages
occlusion
Closure of a blood vessel
Infarction
Area of dead tissue
Digoxin
A drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heart beat
Statins
Drug used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
Vegetations
Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on the endocardium in conditions such as bacterial endocarditis and rheumatic heart diesease
BNP Test
Measurement of Brain natriuretic peptide in blood
Name the four defects in Tetralogy of Fallot
A. Pulmonary Artery Stenosis (narrowing of the artery leading to the lungs from the heart) B. Ventricular Septal Defect (gap in the wall between the ventricles) C. Shift of the aorta to the right (vessel leading from the left ventricle moves over the interventricular septum) D. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle (excessive development of the wall of the right lower heart chamber)
Claudication
Pain, tension, and weakness in a limb after walking has begun
Expiration
Breathing out (exhalation)
Palatine Tonsil
lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
Visceral Pleura
Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
Paranasal Sinus
One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
Pleura
Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung Pleura Cavity- Space between folds of pleura
Pulmonary Parenchyma
Essential part of the lung, responsible for respiration, bronchioles, and alveoli
Name Pathway of air from the nose to the capillaries of the lungs
-Nose (Nares) -Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses -Pharynx (adenoids and tonsils) -Larynx (epiglottis) -Trachea -Bronchi -Bronchioles -Alveoli -Lung Capillaries (blood stream)
Orth/o
Straight, Upward Orthopnea
Nas/o
Nose
Capn/o
Carbon Dioxide
Cyan/o
Blue Cyanosis- Caused by deficient oxygen in the blood
lob/o
Lobe of the lung Lobectomy
Alveol/o
Alveolus, air sac
Ox/o
Oxygen
Phon/o
Voice
Phren/o
diaphragm Phrenic Nerve- the motor nerve in the diaphragm
Spir/o
Breathing
tel/o
complete atelectasis- Collapsed Lung
-ectasis
Expansion
Rale
Fine crackling sound heard on auscultation (during inspiration) when there is fluid in the alveoli
Rhoncus
Loud rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
-ptysis
Apitting
-sphyxia
Pulse Asphyxia- blockage of breathing and severe hypoxia
-ema
Condition
-osmia
Smell Anosmia
-pnea
breathing
-thorax
Pleural Cavity, Chest
Percussion
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
Stridor
Strained, high pitched, relatively loud sound made on inspiration, associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea
Wheeze
Continuous high pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration
Croup
Acute viral infection in infants and children, characterized by obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor
Sputum
material expelled from the chest by coughing or clearing the throat

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