Section 5
Terms
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- Artial bleeds
- bright red, rich in oxygen, high pressure
- Venous bleeds
- dark red, low in oxygen
- Capillary bleeds
- slow and oozing, low in pressure
- all different shocks
- respiratory, neurogentic, cardiogentic, anaphlatic, metobolic, psychogentic (self recovery, fainting), septic (fever)
- compensated state of shock
- increase heart rate increase respiratory constriction of periphery
- Decompensated state of shock
- blood pressure falls
- Irreversable state of shock
- unable to maintain perfusion of vital organs cell damage occurs
- hypovolemic shock
- caused by uncontrollable bleeding or hemorrhage
- cardiogenic shock
- caused by myocardial infraction or heart attack
- neurogentic shock
- caused by uncontrolled dialation of blood vessels
- Pneumothorax
- rapid weak pressure (<40) decrease bp distended neck veins tracheal diviation decreased breath sounds uneven breath sounds
- Hemopneumothorax
- blood in lungs cough up blood
- Asphyxia
- (chest crush) distended neck veins head, neck, shoulder are dark blue blood shoot eyes swollen toung and lips
- Cardiac Tamponade
- decreased heart sounds weak pulse decreased bp distended neck veins
- eviseration
- internal organs out side of body
- Burn agents
- Chemical Electrical
- Burn source
- Ex. dry lime what time it was
- 1st degree Superfical
- epidermis swelling red skin
- 2nd degree burns parital thickness
- blistering, through dermis + epidermis intense pain
- 3rd degree Full thickness
- all layers damaged including nerves severe pain from sorrounding 1st +2nd burns no pain where 3rd is
- 4th and 5th degree burns
- 4th- muscles 5th- bone
- Rules of nines Rule of palm
- each major area represents 9% of the body surface area patients palms are 1% of total body area
- Adult rule of nine
- 18% back, chest, legs 9% each arm, head 1% groin
- Child rule of nine
- head: 12% chest: 18% back: 18% arms: 9% legs: 16.5% each groin: 1%
- Infant rule of nine
- Head: 18% arms: 9% Chest and Back: 18% Legs: 13.5% groin: 1%
- Critical Burns
- inhaling super heated >10% of full thickness >30% partial thickness burns on face, hands, feet, genitalia anywhere encircling a body part (all around chest)
- Treatment for burns
- moist sterile dressing for 1st or 2nd <10% dry sterile dressing for 2nd >10% or for 3rd degree
- autonomic nervous system controlls
- heart, breathing, diameter or vessels, sphincter muscles
- Arachoid
- get a bad headache and you go in and out of responsiveness
- contusion
- closed head injury bruising on opposite side of head bruising same side croup
- Hematoma
- collection of blood in tissue subdural epidural intra cerebral
- subdural hematoma
- bleeding between skull and protective covering of the brain
- glasco coma scale
- need more than 13 obey commands, localization of pain, pain withdraws, posturing in extension
- spinal injury s+s
- paralysis, pain w/out movement, pain with movement, tenderness around spine, impared breathing, deforrmity, priapaism (erection), posturing, loss of bowel, bladder, spinal shock, pins and needles
- non displaced fracture
- crack of the bone
- displaced fracture
- moved over fracture in which there is actual deformity
- comminutuid
- broken in multiple places
- s+s of dislocation
- marked deformity swelling pain tenderness on palpation ecchymossis is at site (delayed)
- compartment syndrome:
- elevated pressure with infascial compartment develps 6-12 hours after injury splint limb at heart level
- Moderate injuries
- open fractures of digits non displaced long bone fracture non displaced of pelvic fracture major sprain of major joint
- Severe injuries
- laceration of major nerves or blood vessels multipule digit amputations dislocations of major joints displaced pelvic fracture open long bone fractures multiple hand and foot fractures displaced long bone fracture
- dont use traction splint if...
- injuries close or involving knee pelvis or hip injury partial amputation or avulsion with bone seperation lower leg, foot or ankle injuries
- acute injuries
- clavical fractures ac sprains rib contusions and fractures shoulder dislocations
- ecchymosis:
- the build of blood produces a characteristics blue or black discoloration
- blunt trauma to the eye can cause:
- hyphema, retinal detachment, blowout fractures
- hyphema:
- bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye, obscuring the iris
- hemoptysis
- coughing up blood
- pleuritic pain or pleurisy
- irritation of damaged to the pleural surfaces causes a characteristic sharp or sticking pain with each breath when these normally smooth surfaces slide on one another
- tension pneumothorax:
- when there is significant on going air accummulation in the pleural space, collasping long and then pushing the medeastinum into opposite pleural cavity
- traumatic asphyxia
- the sudden increase intrathoracic pressure results: distended neck veins, cyanosis in face and neck, hemorohage into scera of the eye
- hallow organs
- stomach, intestines, uterus, and bladder these organ will spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity
- pathologic fracture
- a fracture of a weakened or disease bone
- epiphyseal fracture:
- a fracture that occurs in a growth section of a childs bone and may lead to abnormal growth in furture
- cerebral edema
- sweilling of the brain
- cauitation
- can result in serious injury to internal organs distant to actual path of the bullet
- Subcutaneous emphysema
- the presence of air in the soft tissue produces a characteristic crackling sensation