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MedSurg

Terms

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Long Bones
have rounded ends, bear weight
Short bones
small, bear little/no weight
Flat bones
protect vital organs, hold blood cells
Sesamoid bone
least common, develops in a tendon
Two ends of bone:
epiphysis
Middle of Bone:
Diaphysis
Outer bone:
cortex, made of compact bone tissue
Haversian system:
network carries blood , nutrients, o2 to bone & lacunae
Osteoblast: Osteoclast:
bone forming cell bone destroying cell
Sympathetic nerves
control dilation of blood vessels
Afferent nerve fibers
transmit pain signals
Joint
where 2 bones come together, allows flexibilty
ball and socket: Hinge: pivot:
movement in any direction motion in only one plane rotation only
PQRST Assessment
P-rovoking incident? Q-uality of pain R- region, relief? S-severity? T-time? how long it lasts?
Stance Gait abnormality
Antalgic
Swing Gait abnormality
lurch
Assessment of the head/neck
crepitus- grating sound look for tenderness or inability to flex/extend neck
Assessment of upper extremities
ask to make a fist and touch opposing fingers, check shoulders for swelling or deform
Assessment of Lower extremities
Effusion- fluid build up in knee
Assessment of muscular system
have them squeeze bp cuff, resistance to arms

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