Anatomy Midterm 2
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- What is unique about the bronchioles compared to the large bronchiole
- no cartilage
- Are the visceral and parietal pleura one continuous tissue or two separate structure?
- 2 structures
- Name the structures of the upper respiratory system
- external nose, nasal cavity and pharynx
- Name the structures of the lower respiratory system
- larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
- Name one function of the upper respiratory system
- clean, warm and humidify air
- Name two functions of the vestibular or vocal folds
- protects airway and produce sound
- Structures of the nasal cavity
- Choana (internal nares) Nares (exernal nares) Nasal septum Inferior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Superior nasal concha Inferior nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Superior nasal meatus Transverse abdominus muscle
- Describe the relationship between the respiratory and terminal bronchioles
- One terminal bronchiole divides into multiple respiratory bronchioles. EAch respiratory bronchiole leads directly to an aveloar sac
- What specific event cause changes in the length of the thoracic cavity
- increase : contraction or flattening of the diaphragm decrease: relaxtion and elevation of the diaphragm
- Which structures cause changes in the width and depth of the thoracic cavity
- Contraction of the intercostal muscles
- Elevation of the ribs cause changes in the width of the thoracic cavity and is similar to
- Raising the handles of a bucket
- Describe the movement of the sternum when the ribs are elevated and in which dimension the movement occurs
- Sternum moves anteriorly and superiorly, increasing the depth of the thoracic cavity
- What is the analogy provided for movement of the sternum
- similar to raising the handle of a pump
- When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, what happens to the pressure within
- Decreases
- In which direction does air flow?
- Air flows into the thoracic cavity
- Structures of the pharynx and larynx
- Hard palate Soft palate pharynx: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx Uvula Epiglottis Vocal fold/ligament (true) Vestibular fold/ligament Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Cuneiform cartilage Glottis
- Boundaries of the nasopharynx
- internal nares to the plane of the soft palate
- Boundaries of the oropharynx
- plane of the soft palate to a raised epiglottis
- Boundaries of the laryngopharynx
- raise epiglottis to the layrnx(cricoid cartilage)
- Structures of the Trachea and Bronchi
- Carina Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Terminal bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveolar sac Alveolus
- How many secondary bronchi will be found in the left vs right?
- 3 right, 2 left
- Lungs and Respiratory muscles
- Apex of lung Base of lung Hilum Root of lung Left: Superior and Inferior lobes and oblique fissure Right: Superior, Middle and Inferior lobes, oblique and horizontal fissure Visceral and Parietal pleura Sternocleidomastoid muscles Scalene muscles (anterior, middle, posterior) Pectoralis minor muscle External intercostals muscles Internal intercostals muscles Rectus abdominus muscles Rectus abdominus muscle External and internal oblique abdominal muscles Transverse abdominus muscle
- What are 3-4 important functions of the respiratory system?
- gas exchange, smell, improve quality of air, speech, separate food
- Which parts of the pharynx are for air and which are for food
- nasopharynx : air oropharynx : air and food laryngopharynx : air and food
- Which structure close off the nasopharynx when swallowing food
- Raising of the soft palate
- Explain, anatomically, how milk came out your nose while you were drinking milk as a child
- Shared tube so the soft palate wasn't completely raised therefore some liquid got past it
- What creates different vocal pitches and volume changes?
- Pitch: thickness, length and tightness volume : pushing more air out
- What happens when someone indicates "something went down the wrong pipe"
- The epiglottis does not adequately protect the larynx and the food or liquid irritates the y q mucosal lining of the larynx, causing the vocal cords to go into spasm.
- How might the size and orientation of the primary bronchi affect the location of an inspired object?
- Right is bigger, wider and is more virtical