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Anatomy Midterm 2

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What is unique about the bronchioles compared to the large bronchiole
no cartilage
Are the visceral and parietal pleura one continuous tissue or two separate structure?
2 structures
Name the structures of the upper respiratory system
external nose, nasal cavity and pharynx
Name the structures of the lower respiratory system
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Name one function of the upper respiratory system
clean, warm and humidify air
Name two functions of the vestibular or vocal folds
protects airway and produce sound
Structures of the nasal cavity
Choana (internal nares) Nares (exernal nares) Nasal septum Inferior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Superior nasal concha Inferior nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Superior nasal meatus Transverse abdominus muscle
Describe the relationship between the respiratory and terminal bronchioles
One terminal bronchiole divides into multiple respiratory bronchioles. EAch respiratory bronchiole leads directly to an aveloar sac
What specific event cause changes in the length of the thoracic cavity
increase : contraction or flattening of the diaphragm decrease: relaxtion and elevation of the diaphragm
Which structures cause changes in the width and depth of the thoracic cavity
Contraction of the intercostal muscles
Elevation of the ribs cause changes in the width of the thoracic cavity and is similar to
Raising the handles of a bucket
Describe the movement of the sternum when the ribs are elevated and in which dimension the movement occurs
Sternum moves anteriorly and superiorly, increasing the depth of the thoracic cavity
What is the analogy provided for movement of the sternum
similar to raising the handle of a pump
When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, what happens to the pressure within
Decreases
In which direction does air flow?
Air flows into the thoracic cavity
Structures of the pharynx and larynx
Hard palate Soft palate pharynx: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx Uvula Epiglottis Vocal fold/ligament (true) Vestibular fold/ligament Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Cuneiform cartilage Glottis
Boundaries of the nasopharynx
internal nares to the plane of the soft palate
Boundaries of the oropharynx
plane of the soft palate to a raised epiglottis
Boundaries of the laryngopharynx
raise epiglottis to the layrnx(cricoid cartilage)
Structures of the Trachea and Bronchi
Carina Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Terminal bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveolar sac Alveolus
How many secondary bronchi will be found in the left vs right?
3 right, 2 left
Lungs and Respiratory muscles
Apex of lung Base of lung Hilum Root of lung Left: Superior and Inferior lobes and oblique fissure Right: Superior, Middle and Inferior lobes, oblique and horizontal fissure Visceral and Parietal pleura Sternocleidomastoid muscles Scalene muscles (anterior, middle, posterior) Pectoralis minor muscle External intercostals muscles Internal intercostals muscles Rectus abdominus muscles Rectus abdominus muscle External and internal oblique abdominal muscles Transverse abdominus muscle
What are 3-4 important functions of the respiratory system?
gas exchange, smell, improve quality of air, speech, separate food
Which parts of the pharynx are for air and which are for food
nasopharynx : air oropharynx : air and food laryngopharynx : air and food
Which structure close off the nasopharynx when swallowing food
Raising of the soft palate
Explain, anatomically, how milk came out your nose while you were drinking milk as a child
Shared tube so the soft palate wasn't completely raised therefore some liquid got past it
What creates different vocal pitches and volume changes?
Pitch: thickness, length and tightness volume : pushing more air out
What happens when someone indicates "something went down the wrong pipe"
The epiglottis does not adequately protect the larynx and the food or liquid irritates the y q mucosal lining of the larynx, causing the vocal cords to go into spasm.
How might the size and orientation of the primary bronchi affect the location of an inspired object?
Right is bigger, wider and is more virtical

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