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anatomy final

Terms

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elevates shoulders, extends head
trapezius
elevate scapula
levator scapula
pulls shoulder forward and down
pectoralis minor
flexion of the arm and adduction of arm
pectoralis major
adduct arm and extends it
latissimus dorsi
rotates arm laterally
teres major
laterally rotates arm (4)
supraspinous, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
abducts arm, assists in flexion and extension of arm
deltoid
forearm flexion (3)
biceps brachii, brachilalis, brachioradialis
hip flexor
iliopsoas
extends laterally rotates thigh
gluteus maximus
abduct thigh
gluteus medius/minimus
TFL and insertion
tensor fascia lata, iliotibial band and abducts thigh
adductor for thigh and flexor for lower leg
adductor magnus, longus, brevis
thigh-abduct and laterally rotates and flex lower leg-flex and extend
sartorius *tailors muscle*
three hamstrings and action
biceps femoris, semi tendonosus, semi membranosus
plantarflexion (2)
gastrocnumius, soleus
has shin splits
tibialis anterior
closes eyes tightly
orbicularis oculi
pursing of lips
orbicularis oris
laughing/smiling
zygomaticus major/minor
raises eyebrows
frontalis
pulls scalp backward
occipitalis
compresses cheeks
buccinator
closes jaw(3)...mastication muscles
masseter, temporalis, medial/lateral pterygoids
open jaw
platysma
origin, insertion and action of SCM
0-sternum and clavicle I-mastoid process A-both sides: flexion of head solo: rotation of head left/right
bony projection
process
rounded "knuckle-like" processes
condyle
hole
foramen
depression, indented area
fossa
small, smooth, flat surface
facet
hollow space, cavity
sinus
"soft spot" on baby skull where cranial bones have yet to fuse
frontanelle
moving a body part away from midline
abduction
moving a body part toward the midline
adduction
movement around a central axis
rotation
movement so the distal end of the bone forms a circle
circumduction
thick filaments
myosin
thin filaments
actin, troponin, tropomyosin
center of I band
Z line
middle of A bank and thick
H zone
functional unit of skeletal muscle that is an A band and 2 halves of an I band
sarcomere
prime mover of forearm
triceps brachii
extends arm (2)
triceps brachii, anconeus
supinates forarm
supinator
pronates forearm (2)
pronator teres and pronator quadratis
aka golfer elbow
flexor group
aka tennis elbow
extensor group
pulls costals up and down
serratus posterior
pulls costals up
intercostals
pulls lungs down
diaphragm
flex trunk, rotate trunk, maintain posture, forced expiration
external abdomobliques, internal abdomobliques, transverse abdominus, rectus abdominus
accessory organs
sweat glands, sebacious glands, receptors, hair, nails
aka for sweat glands
sudariferous gland
2 types of sweat glands
eccrine: located widespread, watery sweat (salty) Apocrine: axillary and groin, not active until puberty and secreted during stress (thick)
modified sweat glands that secretes cerumin
ceruminous
secrete sebum, follow hair onto skin surface
sebacious glands
receptors
touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, pain
arise from S. basale and deeper than epidermis
hair
rate of hair growing and rate of loss
1mm/ 3 days lose 100/ day
aka baldness
alopecia
color of hair
melanin
the most lateral hamstring
biceps femoris
smallest gluteal
minimus
muscle on the anterior of the scapula
subscapularis
jagged muscles
serratus
major and minor hip flexors
psoas
elbow flexor, prone or supine
brachialis
the strongest muscle
masseter
"straight"
rectus
antagonist of the mastication muscles
platysma
"mouth"
oris
"eye"
oculi
SCM
sternocleidomastoid
mechanisms that move the body back to normal function
negative feedback
mechanisms that move the body away from normal function
positive feedback
forms many of the linings of organs and body cavities, many shapes, mostly ovascular
epithetial
bones, tendon, ligaments, carthage, blood, adipose
connective
smooth, cardiac and skeletal
muscles
brain, spinal, nerves
nervous
spinal column
vertebral
lower back
lumbar
between hips
sacral
back of elbow
cubital
back of knee
popliteal
upper thigh
femoral
sole
plantar
buttocks
gluteal
macroscopic
gross
microscopic
histology
ultra-structural
cytology
the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
anatomy
the study of functions of the body's structural machinery
physiology
forms and organizations
structure
what they do and how they do it
form
2 parts of dorsal
cranial-encases brain
2 parts of ventral
vertebral-encases spinal cord
laying on back
supine
laying on stomach
prone
horizontal cut
transverse
neck
cervical area
ant/ post cut
frontal or coronal
head
cephalic
upper body is called
trunk or pectoral area aka thorax
abdomen
abdominal
arm
brachial
forearm
antebrachial
elbow
antecubital
front of knee
patellar
leg
crural
"round"
teres
horizontal abdominal muscles
transversus
synergist of triceps brachii
anconeus
strongest plantar flexor
soleus
SCM antagonist
trapezius
action of tibialis anterior
dorsiflexors
muscle attaching to coronoid process of the mandible
temporalis
most superficial calf muscle
gastrocnemius
antagonist of triceps brachii
biceps brachii
tissue connecting frontalis and occipitalis
aponeurosis
smallest leg adductor
brevis
back muscle that adducts the arm
latissimusdorsi
abdominal muscle on an angle
obliques
the action of turning the palms back
pronation
muscles defining a cleft chin
mentalis
lactic acid+Oxygen=
glucose
iron based in red blood cells (pigment)
hemoglobin
pigment in muscle for storage of oxygen in muscle
myoglobin
type 1 more myoglobin, contracts slow and no fatigue
slow twitch
type2: less myoglobin, contracts q
fast twitch
build bone and secretes bone matrix
osteoblasts
lower matrix production and trapped in chamber and mature cells
osteocytes
crush bone tissue
osteoclast
tiny space in bone or chamber
lacunae
aka for osteon
haversion system: functional unit of bone
bone tissue that arranges in concentric circles
lamellae
tiny canal that allows osteocytes to communicate and take out waste in/out lacunae
canaliculi
ex of long bone
femur, phalanges
ex of short bone
carpals, tarsals
ex of flat bone
sternum
ex of irregular bone
vertebrae
ankle of fibula
lateral malleolus
ankle of tibia
medial malleolus
where does patellar ligament attach to
T. tuberosity
transmit signals away from the cell body
axon
fatty material, made by oligodentroglias and Schwann cells
myelin sheath
outer surface of brain and other structures and has grey matter that is unmyelinated
cortex...(grey matter)
white matter that is myelinated
medullah
more than 1 neuron synapsing with another neuron
convergence
one neuron forming synapse with more than one neuron
divergence
reflex pathway
sensory receptor-sensory neuron-interneuron-motor neuron-effector
bone grows longer
interstitial growth
bone grows wider
appositional growth
what does intramembraneous ossification form
clavicle, mandible, flat bones of skull
hollow space in diaphysis and filled with yellow marrow
medullary cavity
membrane in medullary cavity
endosteum
lateral deviation in spine
scoliosis
normal curvature of cervical/lumbar
lordosis
normal curvature of thoracic/pelvic
hyphosis
amino acid that is inhibitory to muscle contraction
GABA
amino acid that is exhibitory to memory and learning
glutamate

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