Muscular System
Terms
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- Muscles
- Associated with movement, three types
- Cardiac, Skeletal, Smooth
- The three types of muscles
- Skeletal
- Voluntary, striated, elongated, attached to bones
- Cardiac
- Pumps blood, involuntary, striated, branching, heart
- Smooth
- Visceral, involuntary, nonstriated, spindle, walls of hollow internal surfaces
- Rule # 1
- Must have at least two attachments, and must cross at least one joint (except facial and pelvic)
- Rule # 2
- To produce movement, muscles always pull and get shorter
- Rule # 3
- Muscle fibers and striations ALWAYS point to attachments and show direction or pull
- Muscle Cells
- Also known as muscle fibers
- Fasicle
- Bundle of muscle fibers
- Perimysium
- Connective tissue that supports fasicles (around it)
- Epimysium
- Sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle (also known as fascis)
- Origin
- Attachment of the muscle that stays in its "original" position
- Insertion
- The attachment of the muscle that moves
- Muscle Characteristics
- Contractibility, Extensibility (flexibility), Elasticity, Excitability (irritation)
- Contractibility
- Able to shorten
- Extensibility (flexibility)
- Able to lengthen
- Elasticity
- Able to return to its original shape
- Excitatibility (irritability)
- Able to respond to a stimulus
- Muscle Functions
- Movement Facilitation, Thermogenesis, Postural Support, Regulation of organ volume, Protects internal organs, Pumps blood (heart
- Actin
- Thin Filaments, each molecule contains a binding site for Myosin
- Tropomysosin and Troponin
- Two proteins in thin filaments
- Myosin
- Thick myofilaments composed mostly of this, shaped like a golf club
- Tendon
- Connects muscles to bone
- Myalgia
- Muscle pain