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Special Topics Exam 2

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Parkinson's Disease: Describe the Mechanism.
~Mechanism: *Destroys dopamine secreting cells in brain stem *axon terminals from these cells are in basal nuclei *lack of dopamine means neurons in basal nuclei not getting messages they need, so become non-functioning
Parkinson's Disease: Describe the Symptoms.
*Tremors, Rigidity, difficulty moving, impairment of memory/thinking, affects 1% of population over age of 60
Parkinson's Disease: Describe the Cause and Treatment.
~Cause: Unknown ~Treatment: Al dopa
Human Pheramones: What is the definition and function?
~Pheramone: chemical signal released by an organism to communicate with other members of its species. ~Function in other animals: attract mate, lead allies to food, ID kin, mark territory, warn of danger.
Human Pheramones: How is it detected in mammals and how is it transmitted and which gland secretes it?
~Detected by: Vomeronasal Organ ~Transmitted: urine ~Gland: Auxillary Gland
Lou Gehrig's Disease (ALS): What is it?
Progressive disease where motor neurons die, at all levels of the brain and spinal cord, as they die, fire AP's randomly and causes uncontrolled visible contractions
Lou Gehrig's (ALS): What are the symptoms and its later stages and what is unaffected?
~early symp: vary, muscle weakness ~Later stages: complete paralysis (stephen hawking) ~unaffected: mind
Lou Gehrig's Diesease (ALS): How do they die and what are the stats?
~die: respiratory failure (muscles used to breathe) ~affects: 2/100,000 ~occurs everywhere, 10% is family history ~50% of patients die within 2 yrs of diagnosis ~drug can slow it down
Diabetes Mellitus: Describe Type I.
*Juvenile onset *10-15% of diabetes cases *inherited disease *insulin producing beta cells are attacked by immune system (autoimmune) *endocrine pancreas becomes less able to produce insulin *glucose can't enter cells
Diabetes Mellitus: Describe II.
*85-90% of diabetes cases *target cells become resistant to insulin *related to obesity and overeating *excess fat tissue may play a role *insulin producing beta cells can be overworked and die *glucose can't enter cells
Diabetes: Describe hyperglycemia
high glucose in blood

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