anatomy exam 4 part 2
Terms
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- What structures make up the respiratory system?
- Upper Nose & Nasal Cavity Paranasal Sinuses Pharynx Lower Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs
- where does gas exchange occur?
- alveoli of lungs
- what are external nares?
- outer openings where air usually enters
- what is the portion of the nasal cavity enclosed by the flexible tissues of the nose called?
- the vestibule
- what is the main part of the laryngopharynx?
- esophagus
- what are false folds?
- Vestibular folds NOT involved in voice production Protect delicate vocal folds (keep foreign objects out)
- what\'s the space between true folds
- glottis
- what muscles move the parts of the larynx relative to one another; regulate the length and tension of the vocal cords, and open and close the glottis regulating airflow?
- intrinsic
- what muscles move the larynx as a whole unit e.g., to elevate the larynx during swallowing & close epiglottis
- extrinsic
- what part of the bronchila tree has not cartilidge in the walls?
- bronchioles
- what part of the bronchial tree gives air to a single pulmonary lobule?
- terminal bronchioles
- what part of the bronchial tree delivers air to the exchange surface of the lung?
- respiratory bronchioles
- what are lungs composed of?
- alveolar sacs & capillary beds
- what adheres to the lungs surface?
- Visceral pleura
- what is the Space b/t parietal & visceral pleurae
- pleural cavity
- how many pulmonary arteries and veins are there for each lung?
- 2 veins, one artery
- stimulation of whatconstricts bronchioles and increases mucous secretion?
- Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from Vagus n.
- stimulation of what dilates bronchioles and reduces mucous secretion?
- Postganglionic sympathetic neurons from thoracic & cervical sympathetic trunk
- why is the visceral pluera insensitive to pain?
- it receives no somatic sensory neurons
- why is the parietal pluera senstive to pain?
- it is innervated by SANs carried by the intercostal and phrenic nerves
- what Requires muscle contraction to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity and produce a pressure gradient?
- inspiration
- what Relies on diaphragm & a small contribution from External intercostals?
- quiet inspiration
- what Relies on External Intercostal mm. & others?
- forced inspiration
- diaphragm provides necessary change in thoracic volume in waht?
- diaphragmatic breathing
- the thoracic volume changes because the rib cage changes shape in what?
- costal breathing
- what musclesare used in normal inspiration?
- diaphragm and external intercostals
- what muscles are used in forced inspiraton?
- diaphragm, external intercostals, SCM, perctoralis minor, serratus anterior, scalenes
- what muscles are used in normal expiration?
- none
- what muscles are used in forced expiration?
- abdominal and internal intercostals