Methodology - 1st year
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Words are "left out" without destroying the meaning.
- Ellipsis
- Student looks up a word to see what meaning it has, how it's used, the way it's spelt and pronounced
- Reference dictionary
- Designed for students to use the other way round, starting with a meaning they wish to express in order to look for the word that express it.
- Production dictionary
- Word combination, it's a way in which words co-occur
- Collocation
- Theory suggesting that as humans we don't have a single intelligency but a range of it
- Multiple intelligency
- Computer program which provide us variety of words used in sentences from real literature, newpspapers, poetry etc
- Concordancing packages
- Tests which can predict studen't future progress in learning languages.
- Aptitude tests
- When we want to achive something we have to choose the best language forms to use, which of these will be appropriate etc.
- Appropriancy
- Good learning (task orientation, ego involvment, high aspiration, goal orientation)
- Tolerance of ambiguity
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It led on the theory of behaviourism and it's the result of three-stage procedure:
stimulus, response, reinforcement - Conditioning
- Reading and listening
- Receptive skills
- Writing and speaking
- Productive skills
- Version of the language which a learner has at any stage of development, and which is continually reshaped.
- Interlanguage
- Different connections of words which meant not necessarily the same as what is suggest
- Connotation
- practical realisation of the knowledge
- Performance
- Knowledge of the grammar use
- Competence
- Students should develop their own strategies, to compesate for the limits of slasroom time, it's self- directed learning.
- learner autonomy
- Mistake when studen't can correct themselves once the mistake has been pointed out
- Slip
- Mistake when studen't cannot correct themselves once the mistake has been pointed out, they need explaination.
- Error
- When students try to say something but don't have enough knowledge and don't know in which way to say it.
- Attempts
- Language that is learnt, taught and studied as a grammar and vocabulary is not available for spontaneous use.
- Learning
- We can easily use a language in spontaneous conversation, it's always available.
- Acquisition
- An accent which derive from Recieved Pronunciation, used in tv etc, most neutral dialect.
- BBC English
- It's made of novels, plays, speeches, records, from corpus computer can give information where the word is used and how often.
- Corpus
- Language adapted for communication between two speakers whose native languages differ from each other and while two speakers are using it as an second language.
- Lingua Franca.
- Using morphemes to change the meaning or grammar of a word.
- Morphology
- The order in which words can be arranged.
- Syntax.
- The same collection of sounds and letters can have many different meanings.
- Polysemy
- Words like banana, apple, orange are ... or the word fruit.
- Hyponym
- Common expression ex. kick the bucket
- Idiom
- Idiomic expressions which are not longer use.
- Cliche'
- Verb which takes an object
- Transitive verb
- Verb which doesn't take an object
- Intransitive verb
- different types of something (kind of sth.)
- Genre
- Insert linking sounds between vowels
- Linking "r"
- Stronger force in multisyllable words
- Primary stress
- Weak force in multisyllable words
- Secondary stress
- Student on lowel language levels see progression every week while for student on higher lever it can be hard to see it.
- The Plateau Effect
- Internal drive pushing us to do something in order to achive something
- Motivation
- Motivation caused by outside factors
- Extrinsic motiv.
- Motivation caused by ourselves.
- Intrinsic motiv.
- We want to be a part of foreigner country, pushed by ... motivation
- Integrative motiv.
- We want to get better job, have better future, we are pushed by ... motivation
- Instrumental motiv.
- Key word in contect
- KWIC
- Presentation, Practise, Production
- PPP
- Communicative Language Teaching, activities involving student in real communication by role-plkay or simulation, they focus on language.
- CLT
- Student makes use of their own lives and feeling in the classroom.
- Humanistic teaching
- Words with opposite meaning ex. fast-slow
- Antonym
- Words which means exactly or nearly the same ex. boring - dull
- Synonyms
- Objects used in classroom with beginers and chindren to help them.
- Realia
- To refer to something earlier in the text
- Anaphoric reference
- To refer forward to something that will occur later
- Cataphoric reference
- To refer to something outside the text.
- Exaphoric reference
- When sound at the end of the word changes to be more like a sound at the beggining of the next word.
- Assimilation
- Sounds dissapear into each other. (ex. him: HIM or IM)
- Elision
- A lot of hard work and effort to achieve something
- Perserverence
- Students should feel what they were learning and that it was personally relevant to them. Teachers should speak to the "whole" person.
- Affective learning.
- Words which are pronounced in the same way but spelt differently.
- Homophones
- Words spelt in the same way but pronounced differently.
- Homographs
- Verbal or non-verbal reaction to communication.
- Feedback
- Long and consuming reading or listening.
- Extensive
- Short reading or listening
- Intensive
- Learner looks at the teacher as a point of reference and is concerned with the goals of the learning group.
- Enthusiast
- Focus on the teacher but is more orientated towars sadisfaction of personal goals.
- Oracular
- Concentrate on group goals and group solidarity.
- Participator
- Referes to the learning group from his point of view, is concerned with the satisfaction of his own goals.
- Rebel
- real/false begginer>elementary>lower intermediate>mid intermediate> upper intermediate>advanced
- Language levels
- It's ending which is added to the base of the verb ( ex. elect-electED)
- Morpheme
- Looking for the main idea of the text.
- Skimming
- Looking for certain information in a text, ex. dates, names etc.
- Scanning
- describing everything there is in grammar
- Descriptive grammar
- Describing grammar for trachers and learners, what is and what isn't correct.
- Pedagogic Grammar
- Student can be encourage to understand new language by discovering by themselves new structures in text.
- Discovery
- When we don't know a word, we find a foreigner equivalent.
- Foreignising
- The anticipation of reward (we have a reward from our last success so we behave the same way to get another one)
- Behaviourism
- Can be formal or informal
- Style
- Fruit is a ... of orange, apple etc
- Superordinate fruit
- Subset of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting
- Register
- Verb which do what those same words mean. Thus, if a speaker says I promise, the word promise itself performs the function of promising.
- Performatives
- In order to make sense of any text we need to have 'pre-existent knowledge of the world'.
- Schemata
- Shows how much the information matters to you or how important it is to out self-identit
- Ego-involvment
- Roles of teacher
- Assessor/Tutor/Organizer/Controller/Participant/promter/resource/observer
- When similar words have diffferent meaning in different languages, novel and nowela
- False friends
- Monolingual dictionaries
- MLDs
- English for science and technology
- EST
- Decision have to be taken about when each person have to speak.
- Turn-taking
- Language doesnt content just grammar and vocabulary but also idioms, collocations etc
- Lexical Approach
- Adults should have the same rpinciples for second language as for the first enquired language
- TPR
- Small cards which we can hold up for our students to see
- Flashcards
- Students get tasks
- Task based learning TBS
- Reading the most specific words and then connecting them in one text
- Bottom-up procesing
- Reading for the main idea to absorbe the overall picture.
- Top-down processing
- Good test features
- Validity and reliability
- Students ahould work alone in classes or in spare time, choose material, books etc
- SAC self-access centre
- English for academic purposes
- EAP
- Students of... may have specific goals for learning
- English for specific purposes ESP
- We use our hearing, sight, smell etc to discover the world
- Neuro-linguistic programming NLP
- When a word only descibe a thing rather than a feeling or idea.
- Denotation
- Some students are better in learning languages than other
- Aptitude
- It rely on drills.
- Audiolingualism
- Language uis effected by the situation we are in, for example baby talk is a ...
- Channel