Vocabulary- Geology
Terms
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- mineral
- a naturally occurring solid made of elements or compounds. Minerals are solid, inorganic, and have a definite chenical composition
- mechanical weathering
- the process of physically breaking down rock. For example, plant growth can split rock apart
- magma
- molten rock from within earth that forms ignesoue rock when it cools
- organic sedimentary rock
- rock that forms from the remains of once living things. Coal is an example.
- renewable resource
- a natural resource that can be replaces by natural processes in a fairly short amount of time. Wind and wood are examples
- sediments
- small pieces of rock, soil, and other materials
- desertification
- the process of changing a habitat such that it can no longer support life
- folded mountain
- a mountian formed when continental plates converge. The colliding plates squeeze rock layers upward
- geothermal energy
- energy generated by heat from inside the earth
- rock cycle
- a model that shows how rocks are continuously changing from on type to another type
- abrasion
- a form of erosion in which rocks grind against each other and are broken down into smaller pieces
- chemical sedimentary rock
- rock that forms when dissolved minerals fall out of solution, usually in water
- natural resource
- something living things use that is provided by Earth. Natural resources include minerals, rocks, water, sooil.
- intrusive igneous rock
- an igneous rock, such as granite, that has coarse grains. It cools slowly beneath Earth's surface
- chemical weathering
- the process in which rock is broken down by changes in its chemical makeup
- nonrenewable resource
- s natural resource that either cannot be replaced or which takes millions of years to be replaced by natural porcesses. Oil, and coal are examples
- metamorphic rock
- rock that forms by intense heat and pressure
- erosion
- the process by which earth materials are carried from one place to another. Water, wind, and glaciers can cause erosion
- earthwuake
- waves of energy released by movements if rock beneath Earth's surface
- fossil
- The remains or traces of an organism that lived long ago that have been preserved in rock
- subduction zone
- a boundare where one plate- usually made of dense, oceanic crust- collides and sinks under less dense crust
- tectonic plates
- plates that form Earth's crust. They move slowly on earth's mantle
- rift valley
- a place on earth where continental tectonic plates are diverging,or pulling apart
- core
- the innermost layer of a planet or star
- crust
- Earth's outermost layer
- mid-ocean ridge
- an underwater mountain range that forms when magma rises through gaps that form betweentwo plates that are diverging
- precipitate
- a solid that forms when a substance falls out of solution in liquid or gas as the result of a chemical reaction
- foliated metamorphic rock
- a kind of metamorphic rock in which heat and pressure arrange the minerals in the rock into layers
- extrusive igneous rock
- an igneous rock, such as basalt, made of fine grains. It is formed when magam cools quickly on Earth's surface
- sea-floor spreading
- the process in which two undersea tectonic plates move apart. The resulting gap is filled with rising magma, which in turn hardens into new crust
- graphite
- a soft, shiny form of carbon