Metamory and mnemonics
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What is Jenkins tetrahedral model?
- 4 classes of variables need to be considered for any memory task 1) orienting tasks 2) material 3)Criterial tasks 4) subjects interactins between these variables must be considered in order to understand memory.
- what is said about the subject variable?
- subjects skills, motives, prior experience and knowledge must be taken into consideration in any experiment before drawing any conclusions.
- Piagets definition of assimilation and accommodation?
- assimilation--tranforming incoming information to make it interpretable by existiong cog structures accommodation--- changing cog structures so that they reflect "reality" more adequately
- piaget sees cog development in general as__________
- a series of reconstructiosn of earlier modes of thought that in later stages, rest partially on the ability to use thought as a subject of further thought.
- what is systematic introspection? why was it criticized?
- subjects self reporting their experiences. 1) the phenomenon under study was imprcisely defined 2)intrspection is retrospection from memory and hence subject to inaccuracy 3) intrspection might alter the experience under scrutiny 4)many results could not be replicated
- what are the 2 theories of memory that recognize the the role of knowledge implicitly
- 1) levelsof/ processing 2) contextual/constructivist appraoch.
- what does the level of processing framework postulate?
- Postulates that incoming information undergoes perceptual-conceptual analysis, with the resulting representation dependent on the type of analysis that was performed. Furthermore, the amount of encoded info that subsequently will be retrieved is dependent on the nature of the code; material conceptually analyses is usually retained better than material analyzed perceptually
- the importance of a subjects knowledge or understanding o memory is more apparent in _____________________ views
- contextualist and constructivist
- what is the constructivist/contexualsit view?
- the premise is that memory is not an exact copy of experience but rather is the product of active interpretation of incoming stimuli.
- ______________ is a crucial determinant of memory performance.
- the context in which memory operates
- what are the 2 kinds of self awareness that bobrow talks about?
- 1) knowledge about facts 2) knowledge about process
- knowledge about facts:
- includes knowledge about the --exahaustiveness of a representation --the relative importance or interest of classes of information --the 'truth value' of a representation --circumstance under which info is useful
- knowledge about process:
- --ability to predict ones own capabilities -- knowing what strategies work best in various situations --knowing about the benefits of efficient resource allocation.
- who would you call production deficient?
- individuals who do not spontaneously use the most appropriate memory strategies are labeled production deficient
- What do the different theories of metamemory agree on?
- all of them assume that metamemory involves knowledge about memory.
- What do they disagree on?
- whether metamemory include excutive processes.
- What stance do the current authors take about memtamemory ?
- that only knowledge about memory should be considered metamemory
- what are the 2 kinds of memory knowledge flavell talks about
- sensitivity and variables
- what is sensitivity
- knowledge about the need to employ memory stratergies for a particular task
- what does variables refer to?
- refers to ones knowledge about particular aspects of memory situations.
- variables are subdivided into 3 components:
- 1)person variables: concerns knowledge about ones own and others characteristics, limitations and abilities as a memoriser
- what do task variables include?
- all the characteristics about the material and task demands that a person comes to know influence performance.
- what do strategy variables include?
- strategy variables correspond to the utlity of mnemonics strategies in one repertoire.
- what are the 2 problems
- 1) accessibility for cognitive processes for introspective analysis. 2) veridicality and completeness of a verbal report.
- methods to study metamemroy can be distinguished by _______ or _______ of simultaneous memory activity
- absence (independent measures) or presence (concurrent measures)
- problems with interviews and questionnaires:
- -- subject must be able to understand what the interviewr is looking for (experimenting with different wording can eliminate this) - multiple choice can be restrictive
- feeling of knowing may be influenced by __________
- demand characteristics