Chapter 3 respiratory system (Brady)
Terms
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- respiration
- exchange of gases between a living organism and its enviorment.
- Components of upper airway
-
Nasal cavity
Oral Cavity
Pharynx - Nasal Septum
- cartilage that separates the right and left nasal cavities
- Eustachian tube
- a tube that connects the ear with the nasal cavity
- nasolacrimal duct
- narrow tube that carrinto the nasal cavity terars and debris that have drained from the eye
- Nare
- nostril
- Mucous Membranes
- tissures lining body cavities that communicate with the air; usually contains mucus-secreting cells.
- Mucus
- slippery secretion that lubricates and protects air way surfaces
- Pharynx
- a muscular tube that extends vertically from the back of the soft palate to the superior aspect of the esophagus
- gag reflex
- mechanism that stimulates retching , or striving to vomit, when the soft palate is touched.
- endotracheal intubation
- passing atube into the trachea to protect and maintain the air way and to permit medication administration and deep suctioning
- Larynx
- the complex structure that joins the pharynx with the trachea
- glottis
- lip-like opening between the vocal cords.
- Sellick's maneuver
- pressure applied in a posterior direction to the anterior crioid cartilage that occludes the esophagus.
- aspiration
- inhaling forign material, such as vomitus, into the lungs.
- Cricothyroid membrane
- membrane between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx
- Regions of the pharynx
-
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx - Lower airway componets
-
Trachea Bronchi
Alveoli
Lung parenchyma
Pleura - Treachea
- 10-12 cm long tube that connecs the larynx to the main stem bronchi
- bronchi
- tubes from the trachea into the lungs.
- Alveoli
- microscopic air sacts where most oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchanges thake place.
- atelactasis
- alveolar collapse.
- parenchyma
- priniciple or esential parts of an organ.
- pleura
- membranous connetive tissue covering the lungs.
- ventilation
- the mecheanical process that moves the air into and out of the lungs.
- Partial pressure
- the pressure exerted by each component of a gas maisture.
- PA
- alveolar partial paressure
- Diffusion
- movement of gas from an area fo higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
- Hypoventilation
- reduction in breathin rate and depth
- Pneumothorax
- accumulation of air or gas in the plerual cavity
- Hemothorax
- accumulation in the pleural cavity of blood or fluid containing blood.
- Plumonayr embolism
- blood clot that travels to the plumonary circulation and hinders oxygenation of the blood.
- FiO2
-
concerntration of oxygen in inspired air.
fractionl concenttraion of oxygen - Hypercarbia
- excessive pressure of carbon didoxide in the blood.
- respiratory rate
- the number of times a person breathes in one minute.
- hypoxemia
- devereased blood oxygen level
- hypoxic drive
- mechanism that increases respiratory stimulation when blood oxygen falls and inhibits respiratiory stimulation when blood oxygen climbs.
- apnea
- absence of breathing.
- total lung capicity
- maximum lung capicity
- tidal volume
- average volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in one respiratiory cycle.
- minute voulume
- amount of gas inhaled and exhaled in one minute.
- perioneal space
- division of the abdominal cavity containing those organs or portions of organds covered by the peritoneum.
- retroperitoneal space
- division of the abdominal cavity containing those organs posterior to the peritneal lining
- plevic space
- division of the abdominal cavity containing those organs located within the pelvis.
- Peritoneum
- fibrous tissure sourrounding the interior of most for the abedonminal cavity and covering most of the small bowel and some of the abdominal organs.
- mesentery
- double fold of peritoneum that supports the major portion of th small bowel suspending it from the posterior abdominal wall