Calvert 5th Grade Science--Vocabulary and Questions--Chapter 1, Topic 3, 4 &
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- What is respiration?
- the process of the release of energy from food (sugar)
- What happens during photosynthesis?
- First the sunlight has to strike a green part of a plant. The energy from the sunlight helps the chloroplasts mix water and carbon dioxide to make sugar and oxygen.
- What factors make the leaves change color in the fall?
- The temperature has to get cooler so the leaves stop making the chlorophyll that makes them green. Slowly the chlorophyll breaks down and disappears and then you see the orange and the yellows in the leaf.
- Plants are constantly loosing water through the process of _______________ .
- Transpiration
- What happens during the process of RESPIRATION?
- The cells use oxygen to break apart the sugars (the food the plant has made). When the sugar breaks apart, it gives out energy that the plant uses and needs. This is the process of respiration.
- Describe the path water travels through a plant. What happens to the water?
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First, water enters the plant through the root hairs. Then the water passes through the cortex of the root, enters the xylem and travels up the stem. Then the water goes through the petiole into the leaf's veins which carry it to the cells. Then the water passes into the air through the stomata.
The air goes back into the air through the process of transpiration. - Water and minerals flow up through the _______. Foods flow down from the leaves through the ___________. Water and minerals then pass through the root's ____________ to the xylem.
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xylem
phloem
cortex - What is a spore?
- cell in seedless plant that grows into new organism
- What is a frond?
- the leaf of a fern
- What is a rhizome?
- The underground stem of a fern
- Define asexual reproduction?
- the production of a new organism from only one cell
- Define sexual reproduction.
- the production of a new organism from a female sex cell and a male sex cell.
- fertilization
- the joining of a female sex cell and a male sex cell into one cell--a fertilized egg.
- Why do mosses grow close to the ground?
- They do not have a vascular system so they don't grow tall and this way they are able to pass water from cell to cell.
- List two differences between mosses and ferns?
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Ferns have a vascular system, mosses do not.
Ferns grow tall, mosses do not. - What is a seed?
- an undeveloped plant with a store food sealed in a protective covering
- Define angiosperm
- a seed plant that produces flowers
- Define gymnosperm
- a seed plant that does not produce flowers
- Define conifer
- any of a group of gymnosperms that produce seeds in cones and have needle-like leaves
- What is a cotyledon?
- a tiny leaflike structure inside a seed of an angiosperm
- Define monocot
- an angiopserm with one cotyledon in each seed
- Define dicot
- an angiosperm with two cotyledons in each seed
- How are flowers important to a plant?
- Flowers are necessary for a plants reproduction.
- How do mosses help restore land that has been destroyed?
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The rhizoids of the mosses can wrap themselves around rocks and break off parts of them. These rocks will replace the soil and also add minerals to it.
Also, mosses hold the soil in place until it is ready for other plants. - What is a rhizoid?
- hair-like fiber that anchors a moss to the soil and takes in water from the soil. Mosses don't have roots and rhizoids are like a root.
- What is photosynthesis?
- The process by which a plant uses sunlight to make its food.