Science 6: Oceanography Chapter 2
Terms
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- Define continental shelf.
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>covers about 5% of Earth's surface
>extends in a gently downward slope from the edges of the continents into the oceans
>can extend hundreds of miles out into the ocean
>wide near the mouths of rivers and off coasts - Define continental edge.
- >the point at which the shelf surrounding each continent begins to angle sharply downward toward the ocean depths
- Define continental slope.
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>cliff like drop beyond the continental edge
>true boundary between the deep ocean floor and the continents - Define continental rise.
- >stretches from the lower portion of the continental slope to the deepest part of the ocean
- Define abyssal plain.
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>the broad, flat ocean bottom.
>covers nearly half of Earth's surface - Define Mid-Ocean Ridge.
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>chain of mountains under the ocean
>longest mountain range in the world
>passes through the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans - Define seamounts.
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>underwater mountain that formed from a volcano
>example: Mauna Kea: a volcano forming the island of Hawaii - Define a sediment.
- >small particles that have drifted and settled on the ocean bottom
- What is ooze?
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>layer of sediments on the ocean floor, forming soft deposits of mud, slime, and decomposed shells
>covers every part of the ocean floor - Identify inorganic sediments that are on the bottom of the ocean floor.
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>particle of soil and rock
>deposits from the volcanoes on the ocean floor
>remains of living things that are picked up by glaciers
>burning of meteors and comets in the atmosphere(iron, nickel) - What are some of the organic sediments(ooze) found on the ocean floor?
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>most formed from shells of protists(mostly single-celled algae)
>shells of tiny snails and other small marine animals - Identify some chemical and mineral deposits found in the ocean floor.
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> gold
> manganese nodules
>there are vast quantities of chemicals in the ocean floor - Define turbidity current.
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>a current of water carrying large amounts of sediment.
>these currents may cause sediment to build up in some places
>occur near the mouths of rivers where heavy sedimentary deposits have built up. - How do scientists learn about the ocean?
- Scientists study the layers of sediments that are in the ocean.
- How are the sedimentary layers of the ocean and a time line similar?
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>A timeline shows how events have happened usually from the past to the present.
>the sedimentary layers of the ocean show the past to the present. - What does Sonar stand for and how is sonar used in the study of the ocean?
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Sonar stands for sound navigation ranging.
>sonar is used to map the ocean floor.
>ships and boats use sonar to tell the depth of the ocean
>porpoises use sonar to navigate and track prey -
What country first began exploring the ocean floor? What was the name of the ship?
What was discovered? -
country: Great Britan
name: HMS Challenger
Discovery: ocean teemed with life, the ocean was deep, conclusion: barely begun to explore the oceans. - What is a sumersible?
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>any self-propelled underwater craft.
>shaped like submarines but smaller
>carry researches but usually carry robots and equipment - What is a bathysphere?
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>older type of submersible
>used by Charles William Beebe to desend to 923 M in 1934
>heavily reinforced, spherical capsule attached to a cable that lowers into the ocean and then brings it back up to the surface. - What is a bathyscaphs?
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>replaced bathyspheres
>free-moving
>dives and surfaces like a submarine - Who was the first person to build a structure that people could live survive in when in the ocean?
- Jacques Cousteau