MOORE CHEM H TEST
if anything is wrong, just tell me.
btw, these are ALL of the vocab straight out from the book.
btw, these are ALL of the vocab straight out from the book.
Terms
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- Atomic number
- The number of protons in the nucleus of each atom.
- Law of Definite Proportions
- A chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound.
- Heterogeneous mixture
- Not uniform. (ex: clay and water)
- Physical property
- A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
- Intensive properties
- Do not depend on the amount of matter present.
- Mole
- The amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12.
- What is the alternative way of writing isotopes besides hyphen notation?
- nuclear symbol
- Pure substance
- Every sample has exactly the same characteristic properties; Every sample has exactly the same composition.
- Chemical
- Any substance that has a definite composition.
- Derived units
- Combinations of SI base units.
- Groups/families
- The vertical columns of the periodic table.
- Homogeneous mixture
- Uniform in composition, also called solutions.
- Quantity
- Something that has magnitude, size, or amount.
- Element
- A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
- Weight
- A measure of gravitational pull on matter.
- Reactants
- The substances that react in a chemical change.
- Density
- The ratio of mass to volume, or mass divided by volume.
- Liquid
- Definite volume, indefinite shape.
- Scientific notation
- Numbers are written in the form M x 10^n, where the factor M is a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10 and n is a whole number.
- Chemical property
- Relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
- Significant figures
- Consists of all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated.
- Avogadro's number
- 6.022 x 10^23 - the number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance.
- Periods
- The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table.
- Precision
- Refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.
- Change of state
- A physical change of a substance from one state to another.
- Directly proportional
- Two quantities that give a constant value when one is divided by the other.
- Atom
- The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
- Chemistry
- The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.
- Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Atomic mass unit
- 1/2 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
- Compound
- A substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
- Nuclear forces
- Enables protons and neutrons to be tightly packed in the nucleus.
- Physical change
- A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.
- Isotopes
- Atoms of the same element that have different masses.
- How many protons would uranium-235 have?
- 92
- Metal
- An element that is: a good conductor of heat and electricity; malleable; ductile; tensile strength; luster.
- Percent error
- Calculated by subtracting the experimental value from the accepted value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100.
- Mixture
- A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.
- Law of Multiple Proportions
- If two or more different compounds are composed to the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers.
- Gas
- Indefinite volume, indefinite shape.
- Chemical change/reaction
- A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
- Products
- Substances that are formed by a chemical change.
- Average atomic mass
- The weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.
- Solid
- Definite volume, definite shape.
- Inversely proportional
- Two quantities that have a constant mathematical product.
- Who discovered that the electron has a negative electric charge?
- Milikan
- Metalloids
- An element that has some characteristics of metals and some of nonmentals.
- Volume
- The amount of space occupied by an object.
- Molar mass
- The mass of one mole of a pure substance.
- Who discovered the nucleus of an atom?
- Rutherford
- Accuracy
- Refers to the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured.
- Noble gases
- Group 18 of the periodic table; has low reactivity.
- Law of Conservation of Mass
- Mass is neither destroyed or created during ordinary chemical or physical reactions
- Extensive properties
- Depends on the amount of matter that is present.
- Nonmetals
- An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
- Mass
- A measure of the amount of matter.