Chemistry - Ch.1
Terms
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- chemistry
- the study of the compostition structure and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes
- element
- a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
- volume
- the amount of 3D spaces an object occupies
- reactants
- the substances that react in a chemical change
- endothermic
- put energy into
- metalloid
- some characteristics of metals and nonmetals
- chemical property
- relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
- nonmetal
- poor conductor of heat and electricity
- liquid state
- matter has definite volume and indefinite state
- Basic research
- carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge
- matter
- anything that has mass and takes up space
- Branches of chemistry
- organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical
- technologial development
- typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life
- solutions
- homogeneous mixtures
- biochemistry
- the study of substances and processes occuring in living things
- compound
- a substance that can be broken down inot simple stable substances. Each compound is made from atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
- intensive properties
- do not depend on the amount of matter present
- change of state
- physical change of a substance from one state to another
- theoretical chemistry
- the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds
- plasma
- high temp. physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of hteir electrons, particles that make up atoms
- analytical chemistry
- the identification of componets and composition of materials (CSI)
- homogeneous
- uniform in compostition
- states of matter
- solid state, liquid state, gas state, and plasma
- group
- the vertical columns of the periodic table
- products
- the substances that are formed by the chemical change
- applied research
- generally carried out to solve a problem
- solid state
- matter had definite volume and definitestate
- organic chemistry
- the study of most carbon (makes up most living things)-containing substances
- mixture
- a blend of two or more kinds of matter each of which retains its own identity and properties
- mass
- a measure of ht eamount of matter
- pure substance
- has a fixed compostion
- gas state
- matter has neither definite volume nor definite state
- atom
- the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
- inorganic chemistry
- the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics) --> the study of everything else
- physical chemisty
- the study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
- peroids
- the hortzontal rows of elements in the periodic table
- extensive properties
- depend on the amount of matter present
- noble gases
- generally unreactive
- law of conservation of energy
- energy can be absorbes or releases in a change, it is not destroyed or created
- metal
- good electrical conductor and heat conductor
- exothermic
- energy given off