Muscles of the Body/Massage Therapy
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- What muscles make up the Splenius Group?
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Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis - What is the function of the splenius capitis?
- Extension of the head and neck, rotation to same side
- What is the origin and insertion of the splenius capitis?
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O-SP of C7-T1
I-lateral occipital bone - What is the function of the splenius cervicis?
- Extension of head and neck, rotation to same side
- What is the origin and insertion of the splenius cervicis?
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O-SPof T3-T6
I-TP of upper 2-4 cervical vertebrae - What muscles make up the Erector spinae group?
- ilicostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
- Describe the Splenius group of muscles?
- they attach to the head, most superficial, they act as bandage over deep muscles, they arise midline and run lateral
- What is the function of the ilocostalis muscle?
- Extension of the vertebral column
- What is the origin and insertion of the iliocostalis muscle?
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O-ilolumbar fascia to lower ribs, lower ribs to upper ribs
I-TP of cervical vertebrae - What is the function of the longissimus muscle?
- Extension of the head and vertebral column
- What is the origin and insertion of the longissimus muscle?
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O-SP of upper lumbar to TP to TP
I-Occipital bone - What is the function of the spinalis muscle?
- Extension of the head and vertebral column
- What is the origin and insertion of the spinalis muscle?
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O-SP of L2-T11, SP to SP
I-occipital bone - Name the Erector spinae group of muscles, from lateral to medial
- Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
- Which way do the Erector spinae group of muscles run?
- straight up and down
- Where are the Erector spinae muscles in relation to the Splenius muscles?
- They lie just deep to the Splenius group
- Name the muscles in the Transversospinalis group?
- Semispinalis, and multifidus
- What is the function of the semispinalis muscle?
- Extension of the neck and head, also rotation to the opposite side of the muscle action
- What is the origin and insertion of the semispinalis muscle?
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O-T1 on TP
I-4-6 levels from their origin up to the occipital bone - What is the function of the multifidus muscle?
- small movements of extension between vertebrae, and extension of the vertebral column
- What is the origin and insertion of the multifidus?
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O-posterior surface of sacrum, TP of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
I-SP of all vertebrae up to C2, skips 2-4 levels - Describe the transversospinalis muscle group?
- they run TP-SP, they run deep to the erector spinae group, they are shorter in length than other groups, they run laterally to medially
- Name the muscles in the Suboccipital group?
- Rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior
- Where are the suboccipital muscles in relation to the other extensor muscle groups?
- They are the deepest group
- What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?
- synovial and bicondylar
- Where are the articulations of the temporomandibular joint?
- the mandible and temporal bone
- What are the movements of the temporomandibular joint?
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elevation-closure
depression-opening
protrusion-jut out bottom jaw (underbite)
retraction-bring back(overbite)
rotation or lateral movements-side to side - What are the muscles of mastification?
- Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid
- What is the function of the temporalis muscle?
- elevates and closes jaw
- What is the origin and insertion of the temporalis?
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O-temporal fossa
I-coronoid process of mandible - What is the function of the masseter muscle?
- elevates mandible
- What is the origin and insertion of the masseter muscle?
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O-Zygomatic process, temporal bone, and Zygomatic bone
I-angle of lateral surface of ramus of mandible - What is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?
- side to side movement and assists in elevation
- What is the origin and insertion of the pterygoid muscle?
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O-medial portion of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I-medial surface of angle of mandible - What is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
- protrudes mandible, assists in depression
- What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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O-lateral pterygoid plate and wing of sphenoid
I-Anterior part of mandibular condyle - What are some of the muscles of facial expression?
- orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, nasalis, platysma
- What is the funcion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
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separately-rotation to the opposite side
together-neck flexion - What is the origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
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O-manubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle
I-mastoid process of temporal bone - What are the ventral muscles of the cervical body wall?
- Hyoid muscles
- What is the importance of the hyoid muscles?
- they are involved in swallowing(like Adam's apple, support hyoid bone)
- Name the lateral muscles of the cervical body wall?
- scalenes(external, middle, and inner layer)
- What is the origin, insertion, and function of the external layer of the scalene muscles?
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O-TP's of last 2-3 cervical vertebrae
I-second rib
A-lateral flexion - What is the origin, insertion, and action of the middle layer of the scalene muscles?
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O-TP's of last 6 cervical vertebrae
I-first rib
A-lateral flexion - What is the origin, insertion, and action of the inner layer of the lateral scalene muscles?
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O-C3-C6 TP's
I-first rib
A-lateral flexion - Where do the scalene muscles sit in relation to each other?
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external layer(posterior), sits most posterior
middle layer(middle)
inner layer(anterior), sits most anterior - What is the subvertebral muscle of the cervical body wall?
- Longus colli
- What is the origin, insertion, and action of the longus colli?
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O-anterior tubercles of 3rd-5th cervical vertebrae and bodies of lower cervical and 1st three thoracic vertebrae
I-anterior surface of cervical vertebrae bodies
A-flexion of cervical vertebrae - What are the muscles of the thoracic body wall?
- Rectus sternalis, external intercostals, and diaphragm
- Describe the rectus sternalis. (The ventral muscle of the thoracic body wall)
- It attaches from the lower costal cartilages to upper sternum and costal cartilages, it is absent in 75% of population, it has no significant actions
- What is the origin, insertion,action, and orientation of the external intercostals? (the lateral muscles of the thoracic body wall)
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O-inferior border of rib
I-superior border of rib
A-pulls ribs together
orientation: angled downward and to the front; fills whole space front to back/top to bottom - What is the origin, insertion, action, and orientation, of the middle internal intercostals?
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O-inferior border of rib
I-superior border of rib
A-pulls ribs together
orientation-angled downward and to the back; between ext. and int. layers - What is the origin, insertion, action, and orientation of the innermost intercostals?
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O-inferior border of rib
I-superior border of rib
A-pulls ribs together
orientation-generally straight up and down; doesn't reach all the way to sternum or vertebral column - What is the origin,insertion, and action of the diaphragm?
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O-inner surface of xiphoid process, costal cartilages, ribs, & lumbar vertebrae
I-central tendon of diaphragm
A-breathing; when activated it flattens out (it is barrier between throracic and abdominal cavities) - Is the Longus colli muscle part of the cervical and thoracic body wall groups?
- Yes
- Name the muscles of the abdominal body wall.
- Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and quadratus lumborum, and psoas major
- What is the origin, insertion, action, and structure of the rectus abdominis? (the ventral muscle of the abdominal body wall)
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O-crest of pubis
I-costal cartilage of ribs 5,6, and7
A-pulls rib cage downward in the process flexes the lumbar vertebral column
structure-tendenous intersections: segmented
linea alba: the white line, separates 2 muscles; a line of connective tissue - What is the origin, insertion, action, and architecture of the external oblique? (the lateral muscle of abdominal body group)
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O-external surfaces & inferior borders of lower 8 ribs
I-Linea alba; superficial to rectus abdominis
A-rotation to opposite side
architecture-Inguinal Ligament: bottom tendonous edge of this muscle
Aponeurosis: a flat fibrous sheet of CT that attaches mm to bone or other tissue; fascia
"hands in pockets" - What is the origin, insertion, and action of the internal oblique? (lateral abdominal wall muscle)
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O-Lateral 1/2 inguinal ligament, anterior portion of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
I-costal cartilage of last 4 ribs and linea alba; surrounds rectus abdominis
A:rotation to same side - What is the origin, insertion, and action of the transversus abdominis? (lateral muscle of abdominal wall)
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O-lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of last 6 ribs
I-linea alba; deep to rectus abdominus
A-compresses abdomen - What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Quadratus lumborum? (lateral muscle of the abdominal body wall)
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O-Posterior iliac crest
I-medial 1/2 12th rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
A-Extension and lateral flexion - What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Psoas major muscle? (subvertebral muscle of abdominal body wall)
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O-lumbar vertebral bodies
I-lesser trochanter of femur
A-flexion at hip joint, assists in lateral rotation - Name the Scapular muscles?
- Rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae, trapezius, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, and subclavius
- What is the origin, action, function, structure, and relationship of the rhomboid major?
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O-spinous processes of T2-5
I-Lower 1/2 of medial border of scapula
A-Retraction(adduction); downward rotation
Structure-flat, sheet-like
Relationships-deep to trapezius - What is the origin, insertion, action, structure, and relationships of the rhomboid minor?
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O-SP's of C7-T1
I-Upper part of medial border of scapula
A-Retraction(adduction):downward rotation
Structure-thin, sheet-like
Relationship-Deep to trap - What is the origin, insertion, action, structure, and relationship of the levator scapulae?
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O-TP's of C1-4
I-Superior angle of scapula
A-elevates, lateral flexion of neck
Structure-rounded little mass
Relationship-deep to trapezius - What is the origin, insertion, action, structure, and relationship of the trapezius?
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O-occipital bone, SP's of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I-lateral 1/3 clavicle, spine, and acromion of scapula
A-upward rotation, retraction(adduction),assists in elevation
Structure-actually 4 sided muscle, thin sheet
Relationship-most superficial - What is the origin, insertion, action, structure, and relationship of the serratus anterior?
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O-outer surface of first 8-9 ribs
I-anterior edge of medial border of scapula
A-protraction(abduction), upward rotation
Structure-big sheet
Relationship-wedged between rib cage and scapula - What is the origin, insertion, action, structure, and relationship of the pectoralis minor?
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O-sternal end of ribs 3,4, and5
I-coracoid process of scapula
A-downard rotation, protraction(abduction), depression
Structure-thin, sheet-like, fans out
Relationship-Underneath pectoralis major - What is the origin, insertion, and action of the subclavius?
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O-Superior surface of junction of 1st rib and its cartilage
I-groove on inferior surface of middle of clavicle
A-downward rotation of clavicle