AP Gov Ch.10 Vocab Test
Terms
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- Judicial review
- power to review acts of other branches of government and states
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- establish basic three-tiered structure of federal court system
- Litigants
- people participating in a lawsuit
- Marbury v. Madison
- first asserted judicial review
- Trial court
- court of original jurisdiction
- Jurisdiction
- authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues in a case
- Original jurisdiction
- jurisdiction of courts to hear a case first
- Appellate jurisdiction
- power in an appellate court to review decision of lower court
- Criminal law
- body of law that regulates individual conduct
- Civil law
- body of law that regulates conduct between private individuals or companies
- Constitutional courts
- federal district courts, circuit courts of appeals, & Supreme Court
- Legislative courts
- courts established by Congress for specialized purposes
- Brief
- written argument submitted prior to a hearing or trial
- Precedent
- prior judicial decisions serve as a rule for similar cases
- Stare decisis
- “let the decision stand†- reliance on past decisions
- Strict constructionist
- interpretation of Framer’s original intention of Constitution
- Seriatim
- “in a series†– opinions by many
- Informa pauperis
- “as a pauper†- way for a poor person to appeal a case to Supreme Court
- Rule of Four
- four justices of Supreme Court must vote to consider a case
- Writ of Certiorari
- “to be informed†- request for Supreme Court to review case of a lower court
- Amicus curiae
- "friend of the court†– interest group or party can bring information to court if they think its important
- Solicitor general
- 4th ranking member of Department of Justice – handles all appeals
- Pro bono
- no fee
- Judicial restraint
- judges who are reluctant to overturn acts of a legislature
- Judicial activism
- judges who have no qualms about overturning a legislative action
- Judicial implementation
- whether judicial decisions are translated into actual public policies
- Litmus test
- asking question on one political belief to make a decision
- Adversary system
- opposing sides argue, and then decision is made
- Justiciable dispute
- case involving an actual legal dispute
- Standing
- vested interest in the outcome of a case
- Political question
- no legal remedy, judge cannot fix
- Class action suit
- group of people harm in same way file suit
- Sovereign immunity
- right of state to be free from lawsuit unless it gives permission to the suit
- Grand jury
- indicting jury, determines if trial will go through
- Petite jury
- hears and decides cases
- Majority opinion
- 1 member of Court reflects views of a majority of justices
- Concurring opinion
- by a justice who agrees with the outcome of the case
- Plurality opinion
- attracts support of three or four justices
- Dissenting opinion
- by one or more justices who disagree majority or plurality opinion
- Per curiam opinion:
- unsigned opinion issued by the Court