Abnormal Psych 2 2
Terms
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- Event creating demand
- Stressor
- Person's reaction to demands
- Stress response
- Physical stress disorders
- psychophysiological disorders
- DSM-IV Heading for psychophysiological disorders
- Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition
- The area of the brain where features of arousal and fear are put into motion
- Hypothalamus
- Hypothalamus activates these 2 systems
- Autonomic Nervous System & Endocrine System
- Extensive network of nerve fibers that connect CNS to all the other organs of the body
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Brain and Spinal Cord
- Central Nervous System
- Autonomic controls what activities?
- Involuntary
- Network of glands throughout the body
- Endocrine System
- A special system of ANS fibers that work to quicken our heartbeat and produce other changes we experience as pain or anxiety. Excited first by hypothalamus
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Gland on kidneys producing ephinephrin and norepinephrine
- Adrenal medulla
- Second group of ANS fibers which help return body processes to normal
- Parasympathetic system
- Sometimes called the body's major stress hormone
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- 2nd pathway producing arousal and fear in the Pituitary gland - affecting ACTH levels
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway
- Stress hormones released by adrenal glands in the adrenal cortex by the HPA pathway
- Corticosteriods (including cortisol)
- Person's general level of arousal and anxiety
- trait anxiety
- Differing in the sense of which situations are threatening
- Situation or state anxiety
- Symptoms begin within 4 weeks of a traumatic event and lasting less than a month
- acute stress disorder
- Symptoms last longer than a month after a traumatic event
- Post traumatic stress disorder
- psychological seperation
- dissociation
- Percentage of people in the US suffering from a stress disorder in any given year
- 4%
- % of people who suffer from a stress disorder at some time in their life
- 8%
- % of women compared to men who develop a stress disorder after a traumatic event
- 20%-8%
- Victims of rape each year
- 876,000
- number of women raped in their lifetime
- 1/7
- percentage of rape victims raped by acquaintances or relatives
- 80%
- two types of victimization
- sexual assault and terrorism
- abnormal levels of these hormones have been attributed to developing a stress disorder
- cortisol and norepinephrine
- New form of exposure therapy in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while filling mind with images they ordinarily try to avoid
- Rapid eye movent desensitization and reprossessing
- veterans meet with others like themselves to share experiences and feelings, develop insigts and give mutual support
- rap groups
- Special training given to mental health professionals for the delivery of emergency mental health services
- Critical incident stress debriefing
- a reluctance to express discomfort, anger or hostility which can cause stress disorder
- repressive coping style
- Defects in this system cause stress disorders
- ANS
- new area of study that ties stress and illness to the body's immune system
- psychoneuroimunology
- Holmes & Rahe developed this which assigns numerical values to life's stressors
- Social Adjustment rating scale
- foreign invaders in the body
- antigens
- white blood cells that circulate through the lymph system and blood stream
- lymphocytes
- Problems that appear to be medical but are actually due to psychological factors
- somatoform disorders
- patterns that feature major losses or changes in memory or identity, not due to physical ones
- dissociative disorder
- A pattern of physical complaints with largely psychosocial causes... when the physical ailment has no apparent cause
- somataform disorder
- Type of somatoform disorder where there is an actual change in physical functioning
- hysterical somatoform disorders
- people who are healthy mistakenly worry that there is something physically wrong with them
- preoccupation somatoform disorders
- psychosocial conflict or need is converted into dramatic physical symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning
- Conversion disorder
- Conversion disorder is quite rare... how many have it?
- 5 in every 1000 people
- Also known as Briquet's syndrome, these people have many long-term physical ailments that have little or no organic basis.
- Somatization disorder
- when psychological factors play a central role in the onset, severity or continuation of pain
- Pain disorder with psychological factors
- Conversion symptom where numbness begins sharply at the wrist and extends evenly right to the fingertips
- Glove anesthesia
- Intenionally faking an illness to achieve some external gain
- Malingering
- intentionally producing or faking physical symptoms simply out of the wish to be a patient
- facticious disorder
- Extreme and long term form of factitious disorder
- Munchausen syndrome
- parents make up or produce physical illnesses in their children
- munchausen syndrom by proxy
- Unrealistically interpreting bodily symptoms as signs of a physical illness
- Hypochondriasis
- percentage of people with hypochondriasis
- 1-5%
- Also known as dysmorphophobia, people with this become deeply concerned about some imagined or minor defect in their appearance
- body dysmorphic disorder
- % of BDD subjects who are housebound... % who attempted suicide
- 30%... 17%
- percentage in u.s. with BDD
- 2%... 4% college
- For Freud, hysterical disorders centered on the needs of girls during this phase...
- phallic stage
- Girls developing sexual feelings for her father and recognizing she must compete with her mother for his affection
- Electra Complex
- people achieve this when their hysterical symptoms keep their internal conflicts out of awareness
- Primary gain
- people achieve this when their hysterical symptoms enable them to avoid unpleasant activities or to receive kindess or sympathy from others
- Secondary gain
- substances that have no known medical value
- placebos
- obsessive compulsive anti-depressant drugs have been shown to help this somatoform disorder
- body dismorphic disorder
- behavioral approach that often helps with obsessive compulsive disorder
- exposure and response prevention
- sense of who we are
- identity
- Key to sense of identity; link between past, present and future
- memory
- changes in memory that lack a clear physical cause
- dissociative disorders
- A person with this not only forgets the past but travels to a new location and may assume a new identity
- dissociative fugue
- multiple personalities
- dissociatie identity disorder
- persistent feelings of being seperated from one's own body or mental processes
- depersonalization disorder
- people with this disorder are unable to recall important info about their lives and this loss isn't due to organic causes, usually triggered by upsetting event
- dissociatie amnesia
- Most common type of amnesia in which a person loses all memory of events that took place within a limited period of time
- localized amnesia
- forgotten period
- amnestic episode
- second most common form of amnesia where people remember some, but not all events that occured in a period of time
- selective amnesia
- loss of memory extends back to times long before the upsetting period
- generalized amnesia
- forgetting continues into the present
- continuous amnesia
- percentage of people who have experienced dissociative fugue
- .2%
- personalities in people with DID, each with a unique set of memories, behaviors, thoughts and emotions
- subpersonalities or alternate personalities
- personality which appears most often
- primary or host personality
- percentage of DID patients who were abused as a child
- 97%
- women receive DID diagnosis how many times more than men
- 3 times
- subpersonalities have no awareness of each other
- mutually amnestic
- each personality is well aware of the rest
- mutually cognizant
- most common relationship pattern where some subpersonalities are aware of others, but the awareness is not mutual
- one-way amnesic or co-conscious subpersonalities
- Avg. subpersonalities for women... men
- 15...8
- brain response patterns recorded on an electroencephalograph
- evoked potentials
- cases of DID unintentionally produced by practitioners
- iatrogenic
- psychodynamic theorists believe this ego defense mechanism causes DID
- repression
- The link between state and recall
- state dependent learning
- people hypnotize themselves to forget unpleasant events
- self-hypnosis
- common treatment for dissociative amnesia and fugue
- hypnotic therapy or hypnotherapy
- barbituates when treating dissociative amnesia and fugue
- "truth serums"
- final merging of 2 or more subpersonalities
- fusion