psych chapter 15 2
Terms
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- An interdisciplinary field of science that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and then applies it to health and illness
- BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE
- psychologists who study the effects of behavior and mental processes on health and illness
- HEALTH PSYCHOLOGISTS
- an interdisciplinary model that assumes that health and overall wellness are caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors
- BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
- our response to events that disturb, or threaten to disturb, our physical of psychological equilibrium
- STRESS
- external or internal events that challenge or threaten us
- STRESSORS
- Selye's model of stress, in which an event that threatens an organism's well-being (a stressor) leads to a three-stage bodily response-alarm, resistance and exhaustion
- GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (GAS)
- physical conditions, such as high blood pressure and migraine headaches, that are caused or aggravated by psychological factors such as stress
- PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS
- a complex survillance system of specialized cells, tissues, and organs that is the body's primary defense against disease
- IMMUNE SYSTEM
- the interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between psychological factors and physical illness
- PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
- a coping strategy designed to reduce the stress by overcoming the source of the problem
- PROBLEM-FOCUSED COPING
- a coping strategy designed to manage the emotional reactions to stressors rather than to try to change the stressors themselves
- EMOTION-FOCUSED COPING
- a complex pattern of behaviors and emotions characterized by competitiveness, impatience, ambition, hostility and a hard-driving approach to life
- TYPE A behavior pattern
- a pattern of behaviors and emotions characterized by a patient, relaxed, easygoing approach to life, with little hurry or hostility
- TYPE B behavior pattern
- a set of personality traits marked by a sense of commitment, challenge, and control that promotes resistancec to stress and illness
- HARDINESS
- the habitual tendency to explain uncontrollable negative events as caused by one's own stable personal qualities, which affect all aspects of one's life. Pessimistic style - associated with health problems and premature death
- PESSIMISTIC EXPLANATORY STYLE
- habitual tendency to explain uncontrollable negative events as caused by temporary factors external to oneself that do not affect other aspects of one's life - optimistic style associated with good health and longevity
- OPTIMISTIC EXPLANATORY STYLE
- the helpful coping resorces provided by friends and other people
- SOCIAL SUPPORT
- the excessive accumulation of body fat. medically, a person with a BMI over 30 is considered this
- OBESITY
- a person's attitudes toward her or his body
- BODY ESTEEM
- an eating disorder in which a person weighs less than 85% of her or his expected weight but still expresses an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
- ANOREXIA NERVOSA
- an eating disorder in which a person engages in recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by drastic measures to purge the body of the consumed calories
- BULIMIA
- sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness
- AEROBIC EXERCISE
- a stress-reducing technique that involves the successive tensing and relaxing of each of the major groups of the body
- PROGRESSIVE RELAXATION
- a predominance of positive over negative affect (emotion) ad satisfaction with life as a whole
- HAPPINESS