US History Exam 3
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- Chesapeake Affair 1807
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US naval vessel (USS Chesapeake) leaving Norfolk VA is stopped by a British vessel to search for British deserters
- Captain of US vessel refuses to be searched and the BT open fire
- US surrenders & BT take 3BT subjects & 1 US citizen
- Public is outraged
- Jefferson asked for an end to impressments or he'll put economic pressure on the BT.
-BT refuse to end impressments - Embargo Act of 1807
- - No US goods or US ships can leave a US port for a foreign port
-
Purpose of embargo act of 1807?
What are some problems with this act?
Success or failure? -
Gain of concessions from Britain and France because they will be hurt by the loss of the trade with the US
- Smuggling, & US economics suffer
- embargo is a failure. British aren't hurt but the American economy suffers
- Jefferson is seen as a hypocrite
- feds are angry
Repealed in 1809 - What is an embargo?
- A government restriction or restraint on commerce, esp an order that prohibits trade in a given commodity or with a particular nation
-
Elections of 1808
Who won? -
Republicans
James Madison (VA)
&
George Clinton (NY) - Who were the Warhawks and what did they believe?
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Warhawks were groups of politicians who pressed others to declare war
Major Warhawks were:
- Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun - What problems occured in the west around 1811?
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conflict btwn settlers & native americans in southern indiana
- Tecumseh & the Prophet (unifcation & religion)
- William Henry Harrison (GV or indiana territory)
- Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)- where Harrison destroys the Prophet's Town and Americans blame the British - What were the 4 main causes of the war of 1812?
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1) Impressements- impressing American citizens & sailors into the BT naval services
2) Violation of comercial rights
3) Problems in the West
4) Violation of independence - What were some US military failures of the US in the war of 1812?
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- war is a series of military disasters for US
- british & Tecumseh take Detroit
- British Navy= 600 ships, & US navy= 16 ships
- The USS Chesapeake- in 1812 are in Boston & many British ships are close to port, one on one naval battle with another British ship but gets pounded and has to surrender (Don't give up the ship)
- US has to rely on state militias to fight - Why did the Federalists oppose the War of 1812?
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- Feds are pro british
- feel we should help with British fight war with france
- british are defenders of civilization
- war hurts commerce & shipping for new england - what were the results of the election of 1812?
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Republicans James Madison & Elbridge Gerry win.
- Though the reps win presidency more electoral votes went to the Feds since the last election! - What was the Hartford Convention in 1814?
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Meeting of Feds in Hartford CT
- wants to ammend constitution to protect Fed interest
- A decleration of war would have to take a 2/3 vote & embargos can only last 60 days
- Ammendments fail in Washingto because US catches some huge breaks in the War - What were some british Offensives in 1814 during the War of 1812?
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Strategy was 3 proged attack
1) invade from Canada & cut New england off from the US.
- Fails: At Lake Champlain- build war ships on both sides & US by chance win the naval battle there. Stops british from the north
2) Capture and burn down DC- but it doesn't really stop or hurt US
3) capture New Orleans & control the Mississippi River
- Gen Andrew Jackson- army & milita & roundly defeat British. - What were the Results of the War of 1812 (3)?
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1) Treaty of Ghent- "status Quo antebellum"- officially neither side wins or loses- US truly gains the 2nd war of indpendence
2) Battle of New Orleans- beat the best British had to offer, large BT causalities, America had a high sense of nationalism
3) Death of the Fed Party- caused by the victory of the War of 1812 - What were the 4 types of Nationalism?
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1) Economic Nationalism
2) Political Nationalism
3) Judicial Nationalism
4) Diplomatic Nationalism - Economic Nationalism of US?
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- Growth in the US (pop boom & addition of states)
- market rev (market economy & larger farms)
- Transportation rev (Canals, steamboats, railroads)
- Industrial rev- (iron production, cotton gin, interchangable parts) - What was the famous canal made in US?
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Erie Canal in NY state- connected the Hudson river in NY & Lake Erie (385 mi?)
- effect: drops the price of transporting goods to the northern states) - What are interchangable parts?
- helped with factories, most importance came in manufacturing weapons
- What did the economic nationalism change about the Rep. views?
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- Reps changed in promoting industry
- favored tariffs & national bank
-Tariff of 1816
- 2nd bank of US - What was the purpose of the tarriff of 1816?
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was the 1st protective tariff which placed higher prices on incoming goods to protect competition with US products
- Was believed that it is good for the entire nation- even if it benefits the north more. - What was the 2nd bank of the US?
- 1st bank was only chartered for 20yrs, not renewed. Proliferation of State banks which leads to financial chaos. Reps therefore favor a national bank. They create the 2nd bank which will last again for only 20yrs.
- What is the American System?
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proposed by Henry Clay
- American system (Tariff, Bank, internal improvements)
- Bank funds internal improvements
- Internetal improvements carry raw materials to industries that are protected by the tariff.
- name? because it helps the entire nation, doing what is best for the people! - What did Political Nationalism do for the US?
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James Monroe (election of 1816)- unanimously elected 2nd time round
- Era of Good feelings- no opposition party and high sense of nationalism, period of unification - Judicial Nationalism?
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- John Marshall- supreme court chief justice (strengthen national gov, power of national gov is strengthened)
- McCulloch Vs. Maryland (1819) - What was the McCulloch vs. Maryland case about?
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- 2nd bank of the US incorporated in 1816
- Maryland didn't agree with the 2nd bank, they prefer their state bank
- State leg. declares 2nd bank unconstitutional using compact theory of gov.
- (MD puts high tax on 2nd bank of US, McCulloch who was the treasurer of the 2nd bank in MD doesn't pay tax)
- Marshall's decision- MD cannot decide constitutionality of the constitution & bank, rejects compact theory of gov, 2nd bank is constitutional because of implied powers.