Psych 201 Test - UofL
Terms
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- Definition of Psychology
- Study of mental processes and behavoirs
- What do physiological psycholgists study?
- The biological basis of behavoir
- What are the 5 enduring issues
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Mind/Body
Nature/Nurture
Diversity/Universiality
Person/Situation
Stability/Change - What is a Theory?
- A set of principles that explain and predict a set of facts
- What is a hypothesis?
- An educated guess that tries to predict an outcome
- What is a dependent variable?
- Factor that is observed or measured
- What was Wundt's research interest?
- How physiology and psychology relate to each other
- What are the central themes of Functionalism?
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Purpose of behavoir
Must be observable, measurable - What is survey research?
- Questionnaire or interview designed to investigate opinions, behavoires of a target group.
- What is correlational method?
- Allows to predict relationships or associations between variables.
- What is reinforcement?
- The ooccurance of a stimulus or event following a response that increases the likelihood that response will be repeated.
- What are the methods that behavoirist use to overcome fear?
- Systematic desensitization, deep muscle relaxation
- What is the definition of learning?
- A process that produces a relatively enduring change in behavoir.
- What is the optimal spacing of the US and CS
- Immediately before the US.
- What is conditioned taste aversion?
- The dislike for and avoidance of a food that develops after an organism becomes ill from eating the food.
- What is shaping?
- ?
- What is positive reinforcement?
- Situation in which a reponse is followed by the addition of a reinforceable stimulus, increasing the likelihood that the response will be repeated.
- What is negative reinforcement?
- Situation in which a respone results in the removal, avoidance or escape from aversive stimulus, incresing the likelihood that the response will be repeated.
- What is attention?
- Selection of info we give meaning to.
- What are sensory registers?
- Visual/Auditory
- What is STM?
- Short Term Memory
- What is the capacity of LTM
- Infinite
- What is episodic memory?
- LTM of speific events or episodes - includes the time and place.
- What is procedural memory?
- LTM of how to perform a task.
- What factors contribute to interference?
- Retroactive and proactive interference.
- What is a flashbulb memory?
- A memory that captures specific images or details surrounding a significant, rare or vivid event.
- What are mental images?
- A mental representatio of an object or event.
- What is a concept?
- A mental category of objects or ideas based on the properties they share.
- Prototypes?
- most typical instance of a particular concept.
- What are representative heuristics?
- Problem solving strategy that involves the following of a general rule to reduce the number of possible solutions.
- What is problem solving?
- Refers to thinking an behavoir directed toward attaining a goal that is not readily available.
- What is trial and error?
- Problem solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.
- What is an algorithm?
- A problem solving strategy that involves following a specific rule, procedure or method that produces the correct solution.
- What is insight?
- The sudden realization of how a problem can be solved.
- What is random assignment in experiments?
- The assigning of participants in such a way as that all participants have an equal chance to be assigned to any of hte conditions or groups in the study.
- What factors are important in surveys?
- Question order, wording, response options.
- Can you make causal attributions with correlational research?
- no.
- What is systematic desensitization based on?
- Hierarchy of fear.
- What is learned helplessness?
- When exposure to insescapable and uncontrolable aversive events produce passive behavoir.
- What is a fixed interval schedule?
- Period of time that must occur before a reward.
- What is spontaneous recovery?
- The reappearence of a previously extinguished condtioned response after a period of time w/out expsure to the cs.
- What is chunking?
- The breakdown and grouping of information to facilitate its loading in STM.
- What is the recency effect?
- Tendency to recall the final items in a list.
- What is a schema?
- An organized cluster of information about a particular topic.
- What is implicit memory?
- Information or knowledge that affects behavoir or task performance but cannot be consiously recollected.
- What is Test reliability?
- The ability for a test to produce consistent results what administed under similar conditions.
- What is Functional fixedness?
- The tendency to view objects as functioning in their usual or customary way.
- What is thinking?
- The manipulation of mental representations of info to draw inferences and conclusions.
- What are the findisns for identical twins intelligence when they are reared apart
- Similar but not as close as when raised together.
- What are Garner's views on intelligence?
- Sees intelligence as a narrower concept then a globalize score.
- What are the 3 types of intelligence according to Sternberg?
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Analytical - mental abilities
Creative - ability to adjust to new situations
Practical - capitalize on strengths and minmize weaknesses.