Ap Psych Chapters 1-5
Terms
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- information, numbers that represent research findings
- data
- the happening or event
- phenomenon
- observation or value that represents the background level of a measurable quantity
- baseline
- something that can change
- variable
- how strongly one variable is related to another and the direction of the relationship
- correlation
- measure of variability; average difference between each score and the mean of the data set
- standard deviation
- mathemtical procedures used to draw conclusions form data and make inferences about what they mean
- inferential statistics
- scientist who studies animal behavior in the natural environment
- ethologist
- develop statistical methods for evaluating and analyzing data from psychological research
- quantitative psychologists
- self observation
- introspection
- variation in social background
- sociocultural variable
- specific, testable statement
- hypothesis
- integrated set of proportions that can be used to account for, predict, and even control certain phenomenon
- theory
- probability or results occurring by chance is small
- statistically significant
- describes strength of the correlation
- correlation coefficient
- numbers used to describe and present data
- descriptive statistics
- describes typical score in data set
- measures of central tendencies
- describes spread or dispersion among the scores
- measures of variability
- study of values and rules
- ethics
- study of cells and organs of the body and the physical and chemical changes involved
- biological psychology
- complex combination of cells that allow a person to gain information about what is going outside and inside their body
- nervous system
- recieving info
- input
- turns oxygen into glucose
- mitochondria
- nerve cells; rapidly respond to signals and send signal
- neuron
- holds neurons together, direct their growth, keep chemical envionments stable
- glial cell
- molecules that carry positive and negative charges
- ion
- impulse that travels down the axon; abrupt change in the potential of the axon
- action potential
- making area less negative inside
- depolarize
- proteins which the neurotransmitters attach themselves to
- receptors
- tells whether or not a neuron will fire
- synaptic receptors
- part of hind brain, storehouse for well rehearsed movement
- cerebellum
- ridges of the brain
- gyri
- info about skin, touch, pain, temp
- parietal lobe
- involved in arousal and attention
- reticular formation
- neurotransmitter incolved in arousal, learning and moon regulation
- norepinephrine
- in hind brain, control blood pressure, heart rate, breathing
- medulla
- control contraction of muscles
- acetylcholine
- memory and emotion
- amydala
- in forebrain, regulates hunger thirst and sexual drive
- hypothalamus
- loss in ability of memory capacity, severe enough to effect social functioning
- dementia
- neurotransmitter that helps strengthen synaptic connection b/w neurons
- glutamate
- controls voluntary movement
- somatic nervous system
- neurotransmitter that regulates movement and alertness
- dopamine
- nerves that connect the left and right hemispheres
- corpus callosum
- neurotransmitter that produces pain reliefs, euphoria, and sleep
- endorphins
- recieves info from more than one sense
- association cortex
- problem where cells of the body's immune system attack normal body cells
- autoimmune disorder
- contains glands, secretes hormones
- endocrine system
- fluid filled spiral structure where auditory transduction occurs
- cochlea
- difference between peak and baseline
- amplitude
- number of waves that pass by a given point every second
- frequency
- part of cerebral cortex that receives info about a particular sense
- primary cortex
- how high or low a tone is
- pitch
- loudness
- intensity
- bundle of axons that carry stimuli to the brain
- auditory nerve
- lens focuses the light rays on
- retina
- nerve cells that code light energy into neural activity
- photoreceptor
- chemicals in photoreceptors that respond to light
- photopigment
- region in center of the retina, mostly cones
- fovea
- family of colors, colors
- hue
- bundle of nerves composed to axons that carry visual info to the brain
- optic nerve
- ability to see details
- acuity
- where optic nerve fibers cross to the opposite side of the brain
- optic chiasm
- near sightedness
- myopia
- tells you where parts of your body are with respect to one another
- kinesthesia
- tastebuds
- papillae
- chemical that causes behavior in an animal
- pheromones
- senses that spread throughout the body (temp, touch, pain)
- somatic senses
- sense of balance
- vestibular sense
- inform brain on position of head compared to earth
- otoliths
- structures that modify a stimulus
- accessory structures
- absence of the sense of pain
- analgesia